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silibinin sodium hemisuccinate (Legalon Sil)

✓ Approved

Rottapharm Madaus · · Small Molecule

What is silibinin sodium hemisuccinate?

silibinin sodium hemisuccinate is a small molecule developed by Rottapharm Madaus. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv) or oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesLegalon Sil
CompanyRottapharm Madaus
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV), Oral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Rottapharm Madaus

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

silibinin sodium hemisuccinate acts on 1 molecular target:

polyprotein, hepatitis-C virus (POLY)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

silibinin sodium hemisuccinate is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsPoisoning✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsHepatitis CPhase III

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of the American Heart Association2026-07-17

Sodium-Containing Pharmaceutical Products as Contributors to Cardiovascular Risk.

White William B WB, Kovacs Richard J RJ

Restricting sodium intake has been identified as one of the most cost-effective measures to improve public health. The substantial improvements in blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes observed after dietary sodium restriction in clinical trials and observational studies provide evidence-based support for national strategies that recommend limits on daily sodium consumption. Although dietary sources of sodium account for most of an individual's intake, the sodium content of pharmaceutical products can also contribute to excess sodium intake, thereby increasing cardiovascular risk. Sodium is included in oral medications as an active ingredient (or as a cation for an active ingredient) or to enhance solubility. The sodium content of certain medications can exceed the daily recommended maximal sodium intake if higher doses are administered. In this contemporary review, we describe the basis of cardiovascular risk with increased sodium intake as it pertains to the clinical relevance of medications with a high-sodium content that are associated with increases in blood pressure, development of hypertension, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Improvements in approaches to sodium content labeling and prescriber education are warranted to ensure that patients receive appropriate therapeutic options.

PMID 42466516
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PubMedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026-07-17

Structures of the human sodium-citrate cotransporter NaCT with and without substrates.

Sauer David B DB, Song Jinmei J, Marden Jennifer J JJ, Wang Bing B et al.

The human sodium-citrate cotransporter NaCT imports various tri- and dicarboxylates into the cell as TCA cycle intermediates. This substrate uptake process is driven by an inward sodium gradient. The protein is a member of the Divalent Anion-Sodium Symporter (DASS) family. Whereas extensive biochemical and structural studies have been carried out for NaCT, how the substrate binding and translocation is coupled to the sodium gradient remains unclear. Here using single particle cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structures of the human NaCT protein in three states: sodium-free, in the presence of sodium, and sodium- and substrate-bound. These structures suggest a simultaneous binding mechanism for sodium-substrate coupling, distinct from the sequential binding, conformational selection mechanism previously observed for the bacterial DASS protein VcINDY.

PMID 42465234
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PubMedFrontiers in pharmacology2026-07-17

Modulating regulated cell death: mechanistic insights into traditional Chinese medicine metabolites for ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.

Zhang Shaowu S, Deng Jiawen J, Ma Tongtong T, Tang Jixin J et al.

Acute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, represents a significant global health burden due to its high mortality and frequent progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of AKI, yet clinically effective pharmacotherapies remain elusive. The pathogenesis of I/R-AKI is critically driven by regulated cell death (RCD) pathways-including apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis-which mediate tubular epithelial damage and inflammatory responses. Consequently, targeting these RCD pathways emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy. Certain bioactive metabolites found in medicinal plants, including those used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), have demonstrated considerable potential in alleviating renal I/R injury. This review provides a detailed analysis of the mechanistic roles of key RCD pathways in I/R-AKI. Furthermore, it synthesizes preclinical evidence over recent decades to illustrate how specific TCM metabolites (e.g., hydroxysafflor yellow A, silibinin, salvianolic acid B, and gypenoside XLIX) confer renoprotection by modulating these RCD processes. To our knowledge, this work is the first to integrate the four major RCD pathways with a spectrum of TCM metabolites that modulate these processes in I/R-AKI. By presenting this integrated perspective, our review highlights TCM as a valuable repository for promising modulators of RCD pathways in I/R-AKI and outlines key priorities for future translational research.

PMID 42465995
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PubMedRoczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny2026-07-17

Salt consumption in households in Poland.

Rychlik Ewa E, Ołtarzewski Maciej M, Stoś Katarzyna K

The main source of sodium in the diet is table salt, as well as sodium from processed food. Sodium is also naturally contained in food, but in small amounts. According to WHO the average daily sodium intake for adults worldwide is 4,278 mg (WHO recommends no more than 2,000 mg). The aim of this study was to assess the consumption of table salt, sodium intake and its dietary sources in Poland between 2015 and 2024. The assessment of table salt consumption and sodium intake was based on the Household Budget Survey from 2015 to 2024. The salt amount was calculated into sodium based on the data from National Tables of the Composition and Nutritive Value of Foods (2020). There was observed the decreasing of salt consumption in Poland between 2015 and 2024. In 2024, the mean table salt consumption was 4.9 g/(person∙day), which was 1 g lower than in 2015. The total daily salt intake was 8.3 g/person in 2024, which was 1.6 g lower than in 2015. The mean total sodium intake from all food sources was 3,887 mg/(person∙day) in 2015, however, this value decreased to 3,270 mg in 2024. Compared to the WHO recommendation (no more than 5 g) it was observed that the total salt (table salt and salt from other sources) intake exceeded this amount in each year. The most important source of sodium besides table salt were cereals. In Poland the WHO limits for total salt and sodium intake are still being exceeded. However, the amount of salt consumed during the analysed 10 years appears to be decreasing. As excessive salt intake has an adverse effect on health, efforts to reduce it must be intensified, particularly through the reformulation of food products and consumer education - specifically regarding the reduction of ultra-processed food consumption.

PMID 42466790
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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-17

RETRACTED: Atta et al. Preparation and Application of Crosslinked Poly(sodium acrylate)-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel Alloy. Molecules 2015, 20, 1244-1261.

Atta Ayman M AM, El-Mahdy Gamal A GA, Al-Lohedan Hamad A HA, El-Saeed Ashraf M AM

The Journal retracts the article "Preparation and Application of Crosslinked Poly(sodium acrylate)-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel Alloy" [...].

PMID 42466563
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PubMedClinical oral investigations2026-07-17

Comparative analysis of low-abrasive powders on root surface roughness and substance loss: an ex vivo study.

Wetzel Charlotte C, Hieble Ramona R, Bumm Caspar Victor CV, Christoff Vasil V et al.

To comparatively evaluate the effects of four low-abrasive air-polishing powders (glycine, erythritol, trehalose, and sodium bicarbonate) on root surface roughness and substance loss in an ex vivo model. 210 specimens from 105 human teeth were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (n = 50); 10 additional specimens served for measurement error analysis. Air-polishing was performed using glycine (25 μm), erythritol (14 μm), trehalose (30 μm), or sodium bicarbonate (40 μm). Three-dimensional surface topography was assessed by laser scanning microscopy before and after treatment using ISO 25,178 roughness parameters. Data were analyzed using rank-based ANCOVA with tooth type and surface location as covariates. Post-treatment average roughness differed significantly between groups (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.217). Glycine (8.23 [5.45; 14.13] µm) and erythritol (6.65 [4.61; 10.22] µm) produced significantly higher values than trehalose (4.38 [2.87; 5.42] µm) and sodium bicarbonate (3.82 [2.83; 5.79] µm). Erythritol generated the most pronounced increases in valley depth and peak height. All groups showed negative skewness trends. No significant differences in substance loss were detected. Glycine and erythritol produced greater surface roughness than trehalose and sodium bicarbonate under the tested device configuration, while all powders demonstrated minimal substance loss, supporting their safety for subgingival application. Glycine and erythritol produced greater surface topographical changes compared to trehalose and sodium bicarbonate, which may reflect more pronounced powder-surface interaction; whether this translates into superior debridement efficacy requires direct microbiological investigation. The comparable and minimal substance loss across all powders supports their safety for repeated subgingival application.

PMID 42467139
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