Drug Database
LE

levamlodipine maleate (Xuan Ning / Conjupri / Xuanning)

✓ Approved

CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical · CACNA1C · Small Molecule

What is levamlodipine maleate?

levamlodipine maleate is a small molecule developed by CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesXuan Ning, Conjupri, Xuanning
CompanyCSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetCACNA1C
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

levamlodipine maleate acts on 1 molecular target:

CACNA1Ccalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNL1A1, CACNA1C-IT2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

levamlodipine maleate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Vascular disordersHypertension✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedPest management science2026-08-28

The I4746K mutation in the ryanodine receptor is associated with high-level resistance to diamide insecticides in Phthorimaea absoluta.

Atış Abdullah Emre AE, Gündüz Kübra Kahveci KK, Yılmazlar Alize A, İnak Emre E et al.

The South American tomato pinworm, Phthorimaea absoluta, has developed resistance to diamide insecticides mainly through target-site mutations in the ryanodine receptor (RyR), including I4746M, G4903E, and G4903V. Recently, a novel mutation, I4746K, has been identified in field populations of P. absoluta, but its contribution to resistance remains unclear. In this study, a field population (TR-Krş-21) harboring the I4746K mutation exhibited 116.65-fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole (CHL). After six rounds of laboratory selection with CHL, resistance increased to 1109.94-fold (CHL-Sel), with a realized heritability of 0.58. Resistance remained stable for 1 year without insecticide exposure, and genetic analyses indicated that it is autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. Cross-resistance was observed among diamide insecticides, but not to abamectin or broflanilide. Synergist bioassays with piperonyl butoxide and diethyl maleate showed that inhibition of detoxification enzymes did not fully restore susceptibility. CHL selection resulted in a positive correlation between I4746K allele frequency and resistance, and genetic linkage analysis confirmed a significant association between the mutation and the resistant phenotype. Modeling and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the I4746K substitution reshapes ligand-receptor interactions without markedly reducing overall binding affinity. Finally, a quantitative sequencing protocol and a tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction assay were developed for rapid detection of the I4746K mutation. This study emphasizes the significance of the I4746K mutation in diamide resistance and offers valuable insights into how this mutation variably influences the binding of diamide insecticides, thereby informing strategies for resistance management in P. absoluta. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

PMID 42663378
Read full article →
PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-08-27

Low-Molecular-Weight Peptides from Musca domestica Larvae Alleviate Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Comorbid with Depression via Regulating Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Serum Metabolism.

Zhang Xiao X, Jin Xiaobao X, Ma Hongyan H, Chu Fujiang F

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) frequently occurs alongside depression, greatly impairing patients' life quality, with limited targeted treatments. Low-molecular-weight peptides (LMWPs) from Musca domestica larvae exert gut-protective bioactivities, but their efficacy and molecular mechanisms for comorbid IBS-D and depression remain unelucidated. A chronic-acute combined stress (CACS)-induced rat model of IBS-D complicated with depression was established and treated with LMWPs. The study evaluated intestinal and depressive behavioral phenotypes, and integrated 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted serum metabolomics and quantitative detection of fecal SCFAs for multi-omics correlation analysis. 1. CACS triggered typical comorbid symptoms, which LMWPs alleviated with effects similar to trimebutine maleate. 2. LMWP treatment was associated with reshaped gut microbiota, restored metabolic pathways, altered levels of 27 disease-associated serum metabolites, and increased fecal SCFA levels. 3. Multi-omics correlation analyses suggested that the therapeutic benefits may involve crosstalk among gut microbiota, SCFAs, and tryptophan metabolites. Larva-derived LMWP relieves IBS-D combined with depression by modulating gut microecology, SCFA generation and serum metabolic balance through the gut-brain axis, which can serve as a novel promising therapeutic candidate.

PMID 42653419
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan2026-08-25

Effects of Biling Weitong granules on gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal hormones levels in rats with functional dyspepsia.

Lige Gao G, Xueyi L I LI, Feiyu Chen C, Changyu Jiang J et al.

To investigate the effects of Biling Weitong granules on gastrointestinal motility and serum mouse motilin/human vasoactive intestinal peptide (MTL/VIP) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit levels in functional dyspepsia (FD) rat models, and explore its therapeutic mechanisms against FD to provide further clinical application data. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into blank group (BG) and model group (MG). FD was induced in MG via30-d chronic unpredictable stress. After successful modeling, the model rats were divided into MG BG, Biling Weitong granules low/middle/high-dose (BL/BM/BH), and trimebutine maleate (TM) groups (n = 7/group) for 14-d treatments. At the end of the gavage, General parameters (body weight, food intake), gastrointestinal motility indices (gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion rates), serum MTL/VIP levels, and gastric antrum histopathology were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. After 30 d of modeling, compared with the BG group, rats in the MG group presented FD-like symptoms such as lethargy and irritability, along with significantly decreased body weight and food intake (P < 0.05). The gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate were significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and the serum MTL content significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Serum VIP levels were significantly increased (P < 0.01). After 14 d of treatment, compared with the MG group, rats in the BL, BM, BH, and TM groups exhibited improved general condition, with significantly increased body weight and food intake (P < 0.05); significantly faster gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate (P < 0.01); and significantly higher serum MTL content (P < 0.01). The serum VIP levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in body weight or food intake between the BM group and BH group (P > 0.05). Consistently, there were no significant differences in gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion rate, or serum MTL and VIP contents between the BH and TM groups (P > 0.05). HE staining revealed no marked changes in the gastric antrum tissues of the BG, MG, or drug groups. Biling Weitong granules can modulate the levels of the gastrointestinal hormones MTL and VIP in FD rats, promote gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion, improve the gastrointestinal motility and mental status of FD rats, and alleviate the symptoms of FD, accounting for its efficacy against FD.

PMID 42639771
Read full article →
PubMedAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026-08-24

Tailored Stereo-Configuration of Crosslinkable Polyester-Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes for All-Solid-State and Binder-Free Li Metal Batteries.

Song Hyun Jun HJ, Kim Jeong Yoon JY, Hong Sungpyo S, Kim Yong Hui YH et al.

By harnessing stereoisomerism in unsaturated polyesters, we elucidate how subtle structural variations impact Li+ solvation structures by modulating free volume, Li+ diffusivity, and lithium salt dissociation within solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). The intrinsic reactivity of C═C bonds along the polymeric backbones is further exploited via a facile UV-curing approach to construct robust three-dimensional polymeric networks that impart mechanical robustness and preferential restriction of TFSI- mobility relative to Li+ transport. The distorted conformation of poly(n-pentyl maleate) (PPM) leads to sparsely crosslinked structures, preserving efficient Li+ transport pathways. Furthermore, end-group fluorination enhances interfacial stability by facilitating the formation of a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase. These synergistic design strategies culminate in a crosslinked PPM-based SPE (XL-PPM-3F-Li) featuring one CF3 end-capping group, which exhibits remarkable electrochemical durability in both Li||Li symmetric and LFP full-cell configurations. Furthermore, this advantage is extended to the device level by integrating binder, electrolyte, and separator into a single ultrathin (∼"5 µm-thick") crosslinked SPE that conformally interfaces with the electrode microstructure. This integrated configuration markedly lowers interfacial and charge-transfer resistance, enabling 65% of the initial reversible capacity at 2 C and 93.6% retention after 100 cycles at 0.5 C (60°C). Overall, this crosslinking-enabled unified architecture establishes a robust strategy for ultra-stable solid-state lithium-metal batteries.

PMID 42635635
Read full article →
PubMedRSC advances2026-08-13

Comparative assessment of potato starch dissolution and functionalization in conventional and water-modified deep eutectic solvents.

El Farkhani Mohamed M, Azougagh Omar O, El Miz Mohamed M, El Barkany Soufian S et al.

Native starch is insoluble in most conventional organic solvents because of its semi-crystalline structure stabilized by extensive hydrogen bonding, which limits homogeneous chemical modification. In this study, two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on benzyltriethylammonium bromide (BTEAB)/urea and BTEAB/urea containing 10 wt% water (DES-H2O) were developed as environmentally friendly media for starch dissolution and subsequent esterification with maleic anhydride. The DESs acted simultaneously as solvent, reaction medium, and catalyst, eliminating the need for additional catalysts or volatile organic solvents. The water-containing DES exhibited superior starch dissolution efficiency, dissolving up to 16 wt% starch at 70 °C. Structural characterization by XRD confirmed the disruption of the native crystalline structure and the formation of an amorphous material after DES treatment. Successful esterification was verified by FTIR-ATR and NMR analyses through the appearance of characteristic maleate ester signals. SEM observations revealed significant morphological changes following dissolution and modification, while thermal analysis showed reduced thermal stability associated with starch functionalization. These results demonstrate that water-modified BTEAB/urea DESs provide an efficient and sustainable platform for the homogeneous dissolution and esterification of starch under mild conditions.

PMID 42591705
Read full article →
PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X2026-08-10

Liposomal Gel for enhancing topical efficacy of timolol maleate against proliferating superficial infantile hemangiomas.

Hang Xiaoxing X, Jin Taiwei T, Hua Jun J, Zhang Xuenong X et al.

Conventional timolol maleate (TM) eye drops are limited by low transdermal bioavailability and short dermal residence time for the treatment of superficial infantile hemangioma (IH). To address this, a novel 0.5% TM-loaded liposomal gel (TM-lipogel) was developed by embedding optimized liposomes within a carbomer gel matrix. The TM-liposomes exhibited a desirable particle size of 139.5 ± 2.1 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.051, a zeta potential of -38.7 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 64.76 ± 3.2%. Ex vivo permeation studies revealed a 1.9-fold increase in cumulative transdermal delivery compared to the TM-gel, and 4-fold compared to the TM solution (p < 0.05). Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscope imaging revealed that TM-lipogel achieved a penetration depth of 400 μm, while the TM-gel and TM-eyedrop only reached 200 μm and 75 μm, respectively, highlighting the superior penetration of the liposomal gel. In a murine xenograft hemangioma model, 0.5% TM-lipogel achieved superior tumor regression (81.09%, p < 0.01 vs.control) compared to 0.5% TM-eyedrop (29.85%) and 0.5% TM-gel (61.69%) by simultaneously downregulating HIF-1α, VEGF, MMP-9 and eNOS. Critically, the optimized formulation exhibited no skin irritation and no systemic toxicity. These findings highlight that the TM-lipogel provides enhanced transdermal delivery with deeper tissue penetration, representing a highly effective and safe transdermal strategy for IH therapy.

PMID 42572560
Read full article →

+7307 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about levamlodipine maleate