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levamlodipine maleate (Xuan Ning / Conjupri / Xuanning)

✓ Approved

CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical · CACNA1C · Small Molecule

What is levamlodipine maleate?

levamlodipine maleate is a small molecule developed by CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesXuan Ning, Conjupri, Xuanning
CompanyCSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetCACNA1C
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

levamlodipine maleate acts on 1 molecular target:

CACNA1Ccalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNL1A1, CACNA1C-IT2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

levamlodipine maleate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Vascular disordersHypertension✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedAnnales pharmaceutiques francaises2026-07-17

Design Space Exploration and Multi-Color Analytical Profiling of a BBD Assisted RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Butamirate Citrate and Chlorpheniramine Maleate.

Bhaskar Siddhesh Sanjay SS, Zine Sandip Prabhakar SP, Bagul Vijay A VA, Tiwari Anand R AR et al.

Analytical Quality-by-Design principles were used to develop and validate a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous quantification of butamirate citrate and chlorpheniramine maleate in pharmaceutical formulations. Box- Behnken Design systematically optimized three critical variables mobile phase pH, flow rate, and column temperature with response surface plots confirming robust chromatographic performance. Using an isocratic mobile phase of ethanol: water (40:60 v/v) containing 0.33% triethylamine and adjusted to pH 6.0 using 1% orthophosphoric acid, separation was accomplished on a Waters Spherisorb cyano column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 1.2 mL/min with photodiode array detection at 225 nm. Validation per ICH Q2(R2) demonstrated excellent linearity (r²=0.999) across 112-337 μg/mL and 10-30 μg/mL for both analytes, with percentage recoveries of 99% and 98%, respectively. Environmental sustainability was confirmed through Analytical Eco-scale (score: 80), Analytical Greenness metric (0.69), and Complex Modified Green Analytical Procedure Index (83). Analytical performance was evaluated using the Red Analytical Performance Index (70) and Multi-Color Assessment Tool (72.6%), collectively reflecting strong scope, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Reliable quantification of both compounds in pharmaceutical dosage forms is offered by a validated, environmentally friendly approach, supporting routine quality control and research applications.

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PubMedPolymers2026-07-15

Architecture-Dependent Thermal Decomposition of RAFT-Modified Polypropylene Glycol Maleate-Acrylic Acid Copolymers: Results of TG-MS and Kinetic Analysis.

Sarsenbekova Akmaral Zh AZ, Makhmutova Almagul S AS, Zhunissova Meruyert S MS, Remetova Nazigul S NS et al.

The effect of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization on the structure, morphology, and thermal degradation behavior of polypropylene glycol maleate-acrylic acid copolymers (p-PGM:AA) was investigated using 2-cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate (CPDT) as the RAFT agent. Copolymers synthesized at different CPDT concentrations were characterized by 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-MS), isoconversional kinetic methods, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed a progressive decrease in the relative intensity of vinyl proton signals with increasing CPDT concentration, indicating enhanced conversion of unsaturated fragments during copolymerization. Alkaline hydrolysis followed by 1H NMR and GPC analysis of the degradation products confirmed cleavage of polyester segments and yielded low-molecular-weight fragments with Mn = 1370 g mol-1 and narrow dispersity (Đ = 1.035), providing additional information on the architecture of the vinyl-polymerized segments. Increasing CPDT concentration resulted in lower molecular weights and narrower molecular weight distributions of the soluble copolymer fractions. TEM analysis demonstrated broader domain size distributions and increased morphological heterogeneity in RAFT-modified samples, accompanied by an increase in swelling degree. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that RAFT-modified systems undergo multi-stage thermal degradation with the appearance of an additional low-temperature stage associated with thermolabile fragments. TG-MS revealed earlier evolution of CO2 and oxygen-containing species and changes in the distribution of volatile products. DFT calculations indicated a decrease in the HOMO-LUMO energy gap and suggested the participation of RAFT-derived fragments in the energetic characteristics of decarboxylation processes. Isoconversional and nonlinear kinetic analyses demonstrated increased kinetic heterogeneity for branched copolymer s synthesized at elevated CPDT concentrations, whereas cross-linked systems exhibited more uniform degradation behavior. The combined experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that RAFT polymerization provides an effective route for tuning the macromolecular architecture, morphology, and thermal degradation pathways of p-PGM:AA copolymers.

PMID 42452057
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PubMedColloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces2026-07-08

Dual temperature-sensitive liposome-in-liposome structure for advanced drug delivery systems.

Yoo Jin J, Jo Suhyeon S, Lim Dong Wook DW, Kim Yoon Jin YJ et al.

Hierarchical liposome-in-liposome (LIL) structures enable sophisticated multi-stage drug delivery, their application is however often limited by complex, time-consuming fabrication and the use of organic solvents. Here we report a simple two-step hydration (TSH) method for fabricating stable LIL architectures in aqueous media within 2 h. This process employs ultrasonication for the formation of structurally robust inner liposomes (IL) and gentle hydration for their subsequent encapsulation within outer liposomes (OL), achieving high-quality dual-spacing configurations. Optical microscopy and differential staining verified the structural integrity and physical encapsulation, demonstrating distinct spatial segregation. The functional efficacy and temperature-sensitive release kinetics of the LIL system were validated through the release theory, confirming that the hierarchical membranes confine encapsulated agents and prevent premature leakage below the phase transition temperature (Tphase) of the OL. The programmable stepwise release was demonstrated through a macroscopic hydrogelation model, where crosslinking was triggered only upon the sequential thermal release of the initiator and accelerator. This was further validated by the independent release of commercial drugs, chlorpheniramine maleate and riboflavin sodium phosphate, as confirmed via HPLC analysis. These results validate the TSH-based LIL platform as a versatile and scalable strategy for developing smart, multi-stage delivery vehicles with environment-responsive release profiles.

PMID 42418902
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PubMedMolecular genetics & genomic medicine2026-07-07

COQ2-Associated Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency Presenting With Proteinuria: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Yue Yuqi Y, Zhao Fei F, Chen Qiuxia Q

Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency (PCOQ10D) is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder caused by pathogenic variants in genes involved in the CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway, including PDSS2, COQ2, COQ6, and COQ8B/ADCK4. Among these, pathogenic variants in the COQ2 gene impair oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis in podocytes, often leading to encephalopathy and nephropathy. Clinical data were collected from a pediatric patient with proteinuria caused by COQ2 gene variants, who was admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University in June 2025. Relevant examinations were completed, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to screen for potential genetic variants in the patient's genomic DNA. Pathogenicity assessment of the identified variants was conducted in accordance with the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines and online bioinformatics tools. Additionally, a systematic literature review on COQ2-associated nephropathy was carried out in this study. The patient initially presented with global developmental delay accompanied by neurological lesions and developed proteinuria at 6 months of age. Genetic testing revealed two pathogenic variants: c.368G>A, p.(Arg123His) and c.908A>G, p.(Tyr303Cys). After oral administration of high-dose CoQ10 (85 mg/kg/d) combined with enalapril maleate (0.80 mL/kg/d), the patient achieved complete remission of proteinuria and maintained stable renal function. PCOQ10D exhibits marked phenotypic heterogeneity, characterized by variations in age of onset, organ involvement, and clinical severity, as well as significant interindividual differences in treatment responses to CoQ10 supplementation. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of the disease. Moreover, the therapeutic outcomes suggest that all diagnosed patients require long-term supplementation with adequate doses of CoQ10, which is of great significance for delaying disease progression.

PMID 42410653
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PubMedJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2026-07-01

Antihypertensive Efficacy, Safety, and Adherence After Switching From a Free Combination of Bisoprolol/Metoprolol and Amlodipine to Bisoprolol/Amlodipine FDC Tablets (5/5 mg) in Chinese Patients With Hypertension.

Wang Ning N, Zhou Xiaoyang X, Han Jianmiao J, Jiang Jun J et al.

Hypertension is a leading chronic disease globally, with rising prevalence in China. A considerable number of hypertension patients struggle to achieve target blood pressure levels with monotherapy alone. The bisoprolol/amlodipine FDC shows promise for blood pressure control and adherence, whereas clinical evidence for Chinese patients is limited. This prospective study evaluated efficacy and safety in patients inadequately controlled by free combination of bisoprolol/metoprolol and amlodipine. In a prospective trial spanning 12 weeks across multiple centers, 78 patients were enrolled who failed 4-week free combinations (e.g., bisoprolol 2.5 mg/day or metoprolol formulations + amlodipine/levamlodipine). Inclusion required office systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, with resting heart rate (RHR) ≥70 beats per minute (bpm). Assessments included office BP (OBP) at 4th, 8th, 12th weeks; home BP (HBP) at 0, 1st, 5th, 9th weeks; ambulatory BP at 0, 11 weeks; and time in target range (TTR) at 12 weeks. Patients averaged 49±12.4 years, 73.1% male. After 1 week, home SBP decreased by 6.6 mmHg, DBP by 4.2 mmHg, RHR by 5.5 bpm (all p < 0.0001). OBP significantly reduced at 4 and 8 weeks. By 12 weeks, office SBP dropped by 13.9 mmHg, DBP by 11.2 mmHg, and RHR by 11.3 bpm (all p < 0.0001). The mean Clinic TTR significantly increased by 47.9 percentage points (from 31.3% to 79.2%, p < 0.0001), with the proportion of patients achieving Clinic TTR >70% rising from 19.2% to 66.7% (p < 0.0001). At 11 weeks, ambulatory SBP and HR fell substantially (p < 0.001), and Ambulatory TTR also significantly improved across 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime periods. Bisoprolol/amlodipine FDC is safe and effective for Chinese patients with hypertension not adequately controlled by free combinations of bisoprolol/metoprolol and amlodipine.

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PubMedJournal of AOAC International2026-06-25

ICRF-Assisted Box-Behnken Design and Optimization for Rapid UPLC-PDA Determination of Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate in an Ophthalmic Preparation.

Dinç Erdal E, Büker Eda E

Simultaneous optimization of chromatographic resolution and analysis time constitutes a significant analytical challenge in multicomponent pharmaceutical analysis, as resolution-driven optimization strategies may improve peak separation without providing explicit control over retention time, often resulting in unnecessarily prolonged runtimes. To address this limitation, an optimization strategy based on a Box-Behnken experimental design was implemented in conjunction with the Improved Chromatographic Response Function (ICRF), which integrates separation quality and analysis time within a single mathematical objective function. This strategy describes the development of a rapid, chemometrically optimized UPLC-PDA method for the simultaneous determination of dorzolamide hydrochloride (DH) and timolol maleate (TI) in a commercial ophthalmic preparation. A Box-Behnken experimental design and optimization approach was employed in combination with an Improved Chromatographic Response Function (ICRF), which integrates resolution, peak overlap, peak width, and runtime into a single composite objective function. This strategy enabled short runtime (or short retention time of analytes in a chromatogram) while preserving adequate peak separation. Under the optimized conditions, complete chromatographic separation was achieved within 3 min using a BEH C18 column and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 4 × 10-4 M CCl3COOH (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.32 mL/min with detection at 275 nm. The method demonstrated excellent linearity over the range of 5.0-40.0 µg/mL (r > 0.999), with limits of detection of 0.51 µg/mL for DH and 0.61 µg/mL for TI. Mean recoveries were 99.9% and 99.5% for DH and TI, respectively, with satisfactory precision and robustness. The proposed ICRF-assisted optimization approach provided high-resolution separation within minimal runtime and was successfully applied to the routine quality-control analysis of a commercial ophthalmic formulation. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of composite response-based chemometric optimization in enhancing analytical efficiency in pharmaceutical drug analysis.

PMID 42348236
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