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aviptadil + phentolamine mesylate (Invicorp / VIP, Senetek / Resurgam)

✓ Approved

Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. · VIPR1 · Small Molecule

What is aviptadil + phentolamine mesylate?

aviptadil + phentolamine mesylate is a small molecule developed by Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesInvicorp, VIP, Senetek, Resurgam
CompanyJohnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetVIPR1
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

aviptadil + phentolamine mesylate acts on 1 molecular target:

VIPR1vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (PACAP-R2, V1RG)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

aviptadil + phentolamine mesylate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Reproductive system and breast disordersErectile dysfunction✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2026-07-17

Neoadjuvant Imatinib Therapy in Rectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Tumor Downsizing, Sphincter Preservation, Transanal Surgical Platforms, Functional Outcomes, and Survival.

Raja Naga Praneeth NP, Kandagari Nagapavani N

Rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) represent approximately 5-8.5% of all GISTs and pose unique surgical challenges due to the confined pelvic anatomy and proximity to the anal sphincter complex. Historically, radical surgery - including abdominoperineal resection (APR) or pelvic exenteration - was frequently required for complete tumor clearance, resulting in permanent colostomy and significant functional morbidity. The introduction of imatinib mesylate, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting KIT and PDGFRA, has fundamentally transformed the management of rectal GIST. Neoadjuvant imatinib therapy achieves significant tumor downsizing (25-46% reduction), reduces mitotic activity, and enables sphincter-preserving surgery in patients who would otherwise require radical resection. The concurrent evolution of transanal endoscopic platforms - including transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS), and robotic TAMIS (R-TAMIS) - has further expanded the possibilities for organ preservation, achieving R0 resection rates of 89-100% with favorable functional outcomes and preserved fecal continence. Emerging evidence also suggests improvements in distant recurrence-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival compared with upfront surgery. This comprehensive narrative review examines the rationale, efficacy, response assessment, surgical implications, the role of transanal surgical platforms, functional outcomes, quality of life, survival outcomes, and current guideline recommendations for neoadjuvant imatinib in rectal GIST.

PMID 42467291
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PubMedBMC nephrology2026-07-17

Comparative efficacy and safety of anticoagulation strategies in continuous renal replacement therapy: a real-world cohort study.

Ou Qing Q, He Dan D, Yan Wenjuan W, Shi Xiuying X et al.

The optimal anticoagulation strategy for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) remains controversial. Real-world comparisons of contemporary agents-regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA), nafamostat mesylate (NM), and unfractionated heparin (UH)-are limited. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 420 CRRT sessions (from 197 unique patients) conducted in four intensive care unit (ICU) wards at an academic medical center in China between September 2025 and November 2025. The primary efficacy outcome was filter lifespan, with Restricted Mean Survival Time (RMST) analysis adopted as the primary method (due to violation of the proportional hazards assumption). Propensity score matching (PSM) and mixed-effects Cox models were used as sensitivity analyses, adjusting for patient, treatment, ward, and machine factors. Multiplicity adjustment (Holm-Bonferroni) was applied for pairwise comparisons. Among 420 sessions, RCA was the most frequently used approach (59.0%), followed by NM (21.2%), UH (12.6%), and no anticoagulation (4.0%). Median filter lifespan was longest with RCA (65.5 h, IQR 48.0-72.0) compared to NM (32.0 h, IQR 15.5-52.5), UH (40.0 h, IQR 26.0-72.0), and no anticoagulation (12.5 h, IQR 6.0-19.5; P < 0.001). RMST analysis confirmed that RCA was associated with significantly longer mean filter survival time compared to NM (difference 18.2 h, 95% CI 10.5-25.9; adjusted P < 0.001) and UH (difference 14.6 h, 95% CI 5.8-23.4; adjusted P = 0.046). The NM vs. UH comparison showed no significant difference (difference - 3.6 h, 95% CI -12.1 to 4.9; adjusted P = 0.52). After PSM, results remained consistent. Major bleeding events were rare (n = 9, 2.1%), but the small number of events precludes meaningful between-group safety comparison. However, 20.9% of RCA sessions failed to achieve the protocol-specified post-filter ionized calcium target, reflecting a metabolic calcium monitoring challenge unique to citrate anticoagulation. Twenty-eight-day mortality (patient-level analysis, n = 197) did not differ significantly across groups after adjustment (overall 36.5%, 72/197). In this retrospective data analysis of real-world practice, RCA provided superior filter lifespan compared to NM and UH for CRRT, while NM showed intermediate efficacy. Although major bleeding events were uncommon, the small number of events precludes definitive safety conclusions. Vigilant monitoring remains necessary regardless of the agent employed. The choice of anticoagulation should balance filter efficacy, bleeding risk, metabolic monitoring capabilities, and institutional resources.

PMID 42464171
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PubMedFrontiers in pharmacology2026-07-16

Sodium selenite attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac inflammation and oxidative injury by regulating TXN2/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling and ferroptosis.

Zhang Lei L, Zhu Dandan D, Yu Jian J

Septic cardiomyopathy is cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis and is a common consequence of sepsis. Clinical studies have found patients with sepsis syndrome commonly have low serum selenium (Se) levels, and Se supplementation at doses higher than the daily requirement may reduce mortality; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We found that downregulation of thioredoxin-2 (TXN2)-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), which increased inflammatory and oxidative injury in cardiomyocytes, might be a major contributor to septic cardiomyopathy. Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ), an antioxidant specifically targeted to mitochondria, increased TXN2 expression and decreased mtROS, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP, a negative regulator of TXN), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, and ferroptosis. The results suggest that the TXN2-ferroptosis-NLRP3 pathway may represent a therapeutic target for sepsis-induced cardiac injury. In addition, we found that Se supplementation improved cardiac function and relieved mtROS accumulation and ferroptosis in sepsis-associated cardiac injury by regulating TXN2 and TXNIP/NLRP3 expression.

PMID 42460027
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PubMedAmerican journal of physiology. Renal physiology2026-07-09

Eight Weeks of MitoQ Supplementation Does Not Alter Kidney Function or Urinary Kidney Injury Biomarkers in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

Stute Nina L NL, Muma Jake P JP, Hutchison Zach J ZJ, Culver Meral N MN et al.

Introduction: Several human trials have used the mitochondrial antioxidant mitoquinol mesylate (MitoQ). There are no apparent negative consequences on the kidneys following an acute high dose of MitoQ in young adults, however it remains unclear whether chronic MitoQ influences kidney function. Therefore, we examined whether eight weeks MitoQ supplementation (20mg/day) impacts kidney function and kidney injury biomarkers using a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in middle-aged and older adults (n=30, 8 males/22 females, 57±8 years). Methods: Participants completed four visits (pre- and post-placebo; pre- and post-MitoQ) where we collected serum samples (creatinine and cystatin c) and 24-hr urine samples to assess general kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and creatinine clearance), and kidney injury markers (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; NGAL, kidney injury molecule-1; KIM-1, nephrin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2; TIMP-2, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7; IGFBP7). We used mixed-effects models to examine time, condition, and interaction effects. Results: We observed no alterations in glomerular filtration measures (ps ≥ 0.309), or kidney injury markers when indexed to flow rate, osmolality, or creatinine (ps ≥ 0.198). For example, TIMP-2 × IGFBP7 was not different between groups (pre placebo: 114 ± 162, post placebo: 138 ± 161; pre MitoQ: 162 ± 238, post MitoQ: 127 ± 137 ng2/min; interaction p = 0.754). Conclusion: Eight weeks of MitoQ supplementation doesn't appear to benefit or harm kidney function or kidney injury markers in middle-aged and older adults.

PMID 42420763
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PubMedBreast cancer research and treatment2026-07-09

Efficacy and safety of eribulin mesylate vs. docetaxel or paclitaxel, combined with trastuzumab and pertuzumab, as first-line treatment for HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer: updated subgroup analyses of JBCRG-M06/EMERALD.

Masuda Norikazu N, Saji Shigehira S, Kojima Yasuyuki Y, Kitada Masahiro M et al.

We performed updated subgroup analyses of the EMERALD study to investigate efficacy, safety, and quality of life (QoL) in patients treated with eribulin (E) vs. either docetaxel (DTX) or paclitaxel (PTX). Patients with HER2+ locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer (LABC/MBC) were randomized to receive E or taxane (T) (physician's choice of DTX or PTX; declared in advance at registration) in 21-day cycles, each combined with trastuzumab + pertuzumab. Survival outcomes, treatment patterns, antitumor efficacy, safety, and QoL were examined. The intention-to-treat (and safety) populations comprised 224 (224) patients who received E, 186 (184) who received DTX, and 36 (34) who received PTX. Baseline characteristics were balanced. Progression-free survival (E vs. DTX: 14.0 vs. 13.1 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.74-1.21]; E vs. PTX: 14.1 vs. 10.8 months; HR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.58-1.73]) and overall survival (E vs. DTX: not reached [NR] vs. NR; E vs. PTX: 75.5 months vs. NR) were similar among the subgroups. Although the incidences of adverse events (AEs) were generally similar, peripheral sensory neuropathy was more frequent with PTX and less frequent with DTX, compared with E. Neutropenia tended to be more frequent with E. Median time to QoL deterioration was longer with E vs. DTX (7.8 vs. 4.7 months) and E vs. PTX (6.1 vs. 3.9 months). This trial revealed comparable efficacy of E vs. either DTX or PTX, when combined with dual HER2 blockade as first-line treatment for HER2+ LABC/MBC. AEs were generally similar between the E and T subgroups. QoL was maintained for longer in the E subgroups vs. T subgroups. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03264547; registered: 28 June 2017); University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000027938; registered: 26 June 2017).

PMID 42420599
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PubMedTranslational and clinical pharmacology2026-07-08

Pharmacokinetics and safety of nafamostat and its metabolites following single- and multiple-dose oral administration of nafamostat mesylate in healthy male participants.

Hong Jun Ki JK, Kim Hyun Chul HC, Jang In-Jin IJ, Lee SeungHwan S

Nafamostat mesylate, a serine protease inhibitor, is a potential antiviral agent that inhibits the intracellular entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. An oral formulation is under development to improve patient compliance over the existing intravenous formulation. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of oral nafamostat mesylate following single and multiple doses in healthy male participants. An open-label, single-dose and multiple ascending dose (MAD) study was conducted. In the single-dose study, 8 participants were administered 200 mg of nafamostat mesylate. In the MAD study, 8 participants in each dose group received nafamostat mesylate 100, 200, or 400 mg every 6 hours (QID) for 7 days. PKs were assessed for nafamostat in the single-dose study, and for nafamostat, 6-amidino-2-naphthol (AN) and 4-guanidinobenzoic acid (GBA) in the MAD study. The safety and tolerability were evaluated throughout the study. The median time to maximum concentration at steady state was 0.50-0.88 hours for nafamostat, 1.75-2.00 hours for AN, and 2.50-3.50 hours for GBA. Terminal elimination half-life ranged 0.61-3.84, 21.24-31.44, and 8.28-14.70 hours respectively. The accumulation ratio of nafamostat was 23.86 at 400 mg QID, with no accumulation at 100 and 200 mg QID. The mean accumulation ratios were 7.43-13.73 for AN and 1.84-2.11 for GBA. Nafamostat exposure showed a more than dose-proportional increase, whereas metabolites exposures were dose-proportional. No serious adverse events were reported. Multiple doses of oral nafamostat mesylate were well-tolerated up to 400 mg QID in healthy male participants. Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0005647.

PMID 42416313
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