Drug Database
AL

alendronate sodium (Fosamax 70 / Alendil 70 / Endrox)

✓ Approved

Merck & Co. · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is alendronate sodium?

alendronate sodium is a small molecule developed by Merck & Co.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesFosamax 70, Alendil 70, Endrox
CompanyMerck & Co.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck & Co.

Therapeutic Indications

alendronate sodium is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteoporosis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of the American Heart Association2026-10-16

Psychological Stress and the Diurnal Patterns of Sodium Excretion and Blood Pressure: Results From the SABRE Study.

Fang Chloe C, Barrett Matthew M, Cepeda Maria M, Choi Eunhee E et al.

Psychological stress is associated with reduced blood pressure (BP) dipping, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study examined the associations among stress-induced sodium excretion, diurnal sodium excretion, and BP dipping. Apparently healthy adult participants underwent a laboratory session during which urinary sodium excretion was measured before and after mental stress tasks. Participants then completed 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and separate awake and asleep urine collections. The change in urinary sodium excretion rate with stress was defined as the difference in urinary sodium excretion rate before and after stress. The awake-to-asleep ratio of the urinary sodium excretion rate and systolic BP dipping were calculated from the 24-hour urine and BP measurements. In an adjusted model including age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, mean systolic BP, mean diastolic BP, parental history of hypertension, fasting glucose, and 24-hour creatinine clearance, a smaller stress-induced urinary sodium excretion rate was associated with a lower awake-to-asleep ratio of urinary sodium excretion rate (n=180, B=0.2253 [95% CI, 0.0490-0.4016]). In an adjusted model including age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, current smoking, alcohol use, fasting glucose, 24-hour sodium excretion, 24-hour potassium excretion, 24-hour creatinine clearance, and fractional excretion of sodium, a lower awake-to-asleep ratio of the urinary sodium excretion rate was associated with lower systolic BP dipping (n=175, B=1.0127 [95% CI, 0.0599-1.9656]). A lower stress-induced urinary sodium excretion rate was associated with a worse diurnal pattern of urinary sodium excretion, which was associated with lower systolic BP dipping. clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03636490.

PMID 42885782
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PubMedFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Rethinking Salt in Cheese: Advances, Challenges, and Strategies for Sodium Reduction.

Tsanasidou Charikleia C, Bosnea Loulouda L, Terpou Antonia A

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a multifunctional component of cheese manufacture that contributes to flavor, microbial control, moisture regulation, texture formation, product safety, and shelf stability. However, the association between excessive dietary sodium intake, elevated blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease has increased demand for reduced-sodium foods. Cheese reformulation is particularly challenging because reducing NaCl may simultaneously modify water activity, microbial ecology, acidification, proteolysis, lipolysis, texture, flavor development, and sensory acceptance. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the scientific evidence concerning direct NaCl reduction, partial replacement with mineral salts, flavor-enhancement approaches, modified salting and processing technologies, and complementary preservation strategies in cheese. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms through which these interventions affect microbial succession, ripening biochemistry, rheological properties, safety, shelf life, and consumer acceptance. The review also evaluates the limitations affecting industrial implementation, including process reproducibility, regulatory compliance, mineral accumulation in recirculated brines, ingredient costs, and environmental considerations. Current evidence indicates that no single strategy is universally applicable. Instead, safe and acceptable sodium reduction requires cheese-specific combinations of salt replacement, process control, microbial management, and sensory optimization.

PMID 42883502
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PubMedPolymers2026-10-16

Cellulose-Based Wet Wipes Combining Essential Oils and Sodium Hypochlorite: A Sustainable Strategy for Bacterial Control.

Tomičić Zorica Z, Miljić Milorad M, Šarić Ljubiša L, Tomanić Dragana D et al.

The development of antimicrobial formulations for biodegradable wet wipes is of increasing interest for more sustainable hygiene applications. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a cellulose-based antimicrobial wipe formulation by combining sodium hypochlorite with essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Lavandula officinalis (lavender), and Syzygium aromaticum (clove). The formulation was designed to incorporate sodium hypochlorite and essential oils into a cellulose matrix and to evaluate whether their combination could enhance antibacterial efficacy through synergistic interactions. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) was used as a complementary qualitative method to characterize the essential oils and to assess spectral changes following their incorporation into the cellulose-based wipe substrate. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 following CLSI guidelines, while combined interactions were assessed using the checkerboard assay. FTIR-ATR analysis revealed characteristic spectral features of the investigated essential oils and detectable spectral changes following their incorporation into the sodium hypochlorite-treated cellulose-based wipes. Sodium hypochlorite exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity, while S. aromaticum oil showed the highest efficacy among essential oils. Notably, synergistic interactions were observed between sodium hypochlorite and all essential oils against Gram-positive bacteria, with lavender oil showing consistent synergy across all bacterial strains (FICI 0.28-0.31). The developed formulation achieved 99.999% bacterial reduction for Gram-positive strains and substantial inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria within 20 min. These findings demonstrate the potential of combining sodium hypochlorite with essential oils for the development of effective antibacterial cellulose-based wet wipes and provide a basis for further investigation of formulations that may achieve effective bacterial control with reduced concentrations of conventional disinfectants.

PMID 42885036
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PubMedFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Changes in the Molecular Forces and Rheological Properties of Pork Myosin with Sodium Bicarbonate.

Zheng Yu Y, Zhu Zhan-Peng ZP, Hou Qin Q, Cheng Wang-Li WL et al.

To investigate how sodium bicarbonate concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mM) modulate the turbidity and molecular interactions of pork myosin, the pH, turbidity, particle size, active and total thiol content, surface hydrophobicity, rheology properties, and chemical forces were analyzed. Results revealed that increasing sodium bicarbonate concentration from 0 to 50 mM significantly elevated (p < 0.05) pH, surface hydrophobicity, apparent viscosity, active thiol content, and storage modulus (G'), while significantly reducing (p < 0.05) turbidity, mean particle size, gel whiteness, and ionic bonding strength. The alkalinization-induced pH reduced protein turbidity and enhanced molecular unfolding, thereby exposing hydrophobic regions and reactive thiol groups; this promoted hydrophobic interactions and facilitated disulfide bond formation during heat-induced gelation. Consequently, higher sodium bicarbonate levels (40 and 50 mM) markedly strengthened intermolecular forces and improved the rheological performance of the resulting myosin gels.

PMID 42883646
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PubMedMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Thermal Transformation of Selected Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Trapped in Silica Beads via Amine-Functionalised Silica Gel.

Sternik Dariusz D, Sienkiewicz Andrzej A, Gorgol Marek M, Lupa Joanna J et al.

This study presents solid dispersions of naproxen and sodium ibuprofen in porous SiO2 pellets (manufactured via the hard template method) before and after additional phase manufacture from amine-functionalised silica gel. Nanoscopic pore evolution of the investigated materials was examined at all stages of synthesis using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The TG-DSC-FTIR/MS in He and synthetic air provided information on the systems' thermal transformations. PALS showed that both drugs preferentially occupied smaller mesopores in SiO2 pellets. Thermal analysis revealed distinct atmosphere- and drug-dependent behaviour. Silica confinement delayed naproxen's thermal degradation but decreased sodium ibuprofen stability. Interestingly, thermal decomposition of sodium ibuprofen most likely also occurred through the evolution of volatile ibuprofen, as signals assigned to it were detected in both atmospheres, although less extensively in air. Encapsulation of naproxen in the investigated systems made it more resistant to high temperature, whereas for sodium ibuprofen the opposite tendency was observed. The amine-functionalized silica phase increased the overall thermal stability of both dispersions in helium, whereas oxidation in synthetic air seemed to be governed mainly by the NH2-SiO2 phase degradation.

PMID 42882691
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PubMedAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2026-10-16

Negative-Thermal-Expansion Strategy Enables Hard Carbon With Tuned Heat/Strain Tolerances for Sodium Storage.

Chang Gaobo G, Zhao Hanqing H, Huang Cheng C, Lei Shulian S et al.

The thermal/stress runaways pose a risk to the safety and industrialization of sodium-ion battery (SIB), which hence requires external management equipment. Actually, the thermal/stress generation originates from the repetitive Na+ intercalation within carbon interlayers and pore-filling in the initial stage. Herein, we propose a regulation strategy of "in situ thermal strain relief" to achieve internal thermal and stress managements of SIB hard carbon (HC) anode by incorporating negative thermal expansion oxide ZrW2O8. The results indicate that the heat and strain were reduced obviously after cycling, leading to rapid diffusion kinetics and enhanced sodium storage capacity. Moreover, the microstructure and efficient electron/ion transport within HC were preserved, demonstrating excellent capacity stability even after high-rate and long-term cycling over wide operating temperature ranges (-20°C to 60°C). This study provides a new approach for thermal and stress management inside the battery, which may play a joint effort with the conventional management equipment outside the battery and beyond.

PMID 42885569
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