Drug Database
TE

testosterone enanthate (Vibex QS T / QS T / Xyosted)

✓ Approved

Antares Pharma, Inc. · AR · Steroids

What is testosterone enanthate?

testosterone enanthate is a steroids developed by Antares Pharma, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesVibex QS T, QS T, Xyosted
CompanyAntares Pharma, Inc.
Drug ClassSteroids, Small Molecule
Molecular TargetAR
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Antares Pharma, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

testosterone enanthate acts on 1 molecular target:

ARandrogen receptor (DHTR, AR8)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

testosterone enanthate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Endocrine disordersHypogonadism✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedDrug and alcohol dependence reports2026-08-30

Exploring hormonal influences on nicotine craving and use across the perinatal period: A prospective longitudinal study.

Allen Alicia M AM, Baurley James J, Linde-Krieger Linnea B LB, Chalke Arushi A et al.

Perinatal nicotine use is common despite well-documented adverse consequences. We examined associations between reproductive-related hormones with nicotine craving and use during the perinatal period to identify potential novel intervention points. All participants reported use of nicotine during the perinatal period. Participants were enrolled at gestational week ≥ 36 and followed to postpartum week 12 via daily surveys (i.e., nicotine craving via 100-point scale, dichotomous use) and weekly hormone measurement in saliva (cortisol, oxytocin) or dried blood spots (progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate). Bayesian mixed-effects models accounted for within-person correlation while estimating hormone effects. Participants (n = 46) were 28.9 ± 4.9 years old. During follow-up, exclusive combustible cigarettes (n = 20), electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; n = 13), or dual (n = 2) use was observed, with variability in use and craving across participants and over time. During pregnancy, higher oxytocin was linked to greater craving (β=16.31, 95% CI: 3.71, 28.83). Greater peripartum declines in oxytocin were associated with more craving (β=8.71, 95% CI: 0.75, 16.93) and use (β=1.13, 95% CI: 0.05, 2.43). During postpartum, lower estradiol was linked to more craving (β=-1.17, 95% CI: -2.15, -0.18) and use (β=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.76, -0.03). In models simultaneously evaluating all postpartum hormones, the lone meaningful association was between estradiol and craving (β=-1.66, 95% CI: -2.84, -0.48). The results of this study suggest that oxytocin and estradiol may contribute to the risk of perinatal nicotine use. Additional research is needed to replicate our observations in more diverse study samples and explore implications for clinical intervention.

PMID 42668554
Read full article →
PubMedThe Journal of reproduction and development2026-08-30

Seasonal reproductive and metabolic changes in male Pacific white-sided dolphins (Aethalodelphis obliquidens).

Shirakata Chika C, Sumi Miyuki M, Yamamoto Yuki Y, Nagaoka Kentaro K

Seasonal reproductive dynamics were investigated in two adult male Pacific white-sided dolphins (Aethalodelphis obliquidens, formerly Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) maintained at the Enoshima Aquarium over a two-year period (December 2018-November 2020). Serum testosterone (T), testicular cross-sectional area (TS), and pixel intensity (PI), an index of testicular echogenicity, were measured along with rectal body temperature at two depths (shallow, 15 cm; deep, 30 cm). Untargeted serum metabolomic profiling was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In both individuals, T showed a clear seasonal pattern, with elevations lasting approximately one month during spring and summer, followed by prolonged increases in TS (approximately three months) and PI (three-four months). This temporal sequence was consistent across both years of observation. The T, TS, PI, and photoperiod were strongly and positively correlated with one another (Spearman's rs > 0.74, P < 0.01). Shallow-body temperature varied seasonally with water temperature, whereas deep-body temperature remained relatively stable. GC-MS detected 131 metabolites, and partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed a separation between high-T (> 10 ng/ml) and low-T (< 1 ng/ml) states. The four metabolites with the highest variable importance in projection scores were myoinositol, palmitoleic acid, L-tyrosine, and L-phenylalanine. Myoinositol and palmitoleic acid were positively correlated with the reproductive indices, whereas L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine were negatively correlated, suggesting coordinated shifts in inositol, lipid, and amino acid metabolism during reproductive activation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to integrate endocrine, ultrasonographic, thermal, and metabolomic approaches to characterize male reproductive seasonality in this species.

PMID 42669493
Read full article →
PubMedOrthopedic research and reviews2026-08-29

Retrospective Development and Internal Validation of a Diagnostic Model to Identify Secondary Osteoporosis in Community-Dwelling Older Men.

Fang Yi-You YY, Zhang Liang L, Dong Gang G, Peng Liang L et al.

To develop and validate a clinical prediction model integrating lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS-BMD) and fall risk assessment for identifying secondary osteoporosis in community-dwelling elderly men. This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled men aged 65 years or older from community health centers and geriatric outpatient clinics (June 2023-December 2025). Secondary osteoporosis was defined as T-score ≤ -2.5 at any site (lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total hip) with at least one confirmed major secondary etiology (hypogonadism, glucocorticoid use, vitamin D deficiency, etc). Controls were men with normal BMD or osteopenia without secondary etiology. Participants were randomly assigned to training (70%) and validation (30%) sets. LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression were used for variable selection and model construction. Bootstrap resampling provided optimism-corrected performance estimates. Among 843 eligible participants (mean age 73.12±5.27 years), 187 (22.18%) were diagnosed with secondary osteoporosis. Six independent predictors were identified: age, LS-BMD T-score, history of fall, testosterone, glucocorticoid use, and vitamin D level. The apparent AUC was 0.846 (95% CI: 0.815-0.878) in the training set and 0.798 (95% CI: 0.741-0.854) in the validation set; the optimism-corrected AUC was 0.731, indicating moderate discrimination. Calibration was satisfactory. Decision curve analysis confirmed clinical net benefit. Of note, three predictors (testosterone, vitamin D, glucocorticoid use) overlap with the diagnostic criteria for secondary osteoporosis, and the AUC values should be interpreted with this caveat in mind. This study developed a preliminary clinical prediction model for identifying secondary osteoporosis in elderly men using internal validation. The model integrates LS-BMD T-score, fall risk, Vitamin D, testosterone, and glucocorticoid use, but external validation is required before clinical application. The overlap between several predictors and the diagnostic criteria represents an important limitation.

PMID 42666577
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in reproductive health2026-08-29

Emerging peptide and neuroendocrine strategies for TRT-induced reproductive suppression and functional male hypogonadism: a narrative review.

Cretu Ana-Maria AM, Kamar Ahmed Adel Mansour AAM, Ciobica Alin A, Puia Dragos D et al.

The growing burden of male hypogonadism has raised concerns regarding the potential impact of modern lifestyles and environmental exposures on male reproductive health. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is widely used for the treatment of male hypogonadism. However, prolonged TRT may suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis, resulting in reduced gonadotropin production, decreased intratesticular testosterone levels, impaired spermatogenesis, testicular atrophy, and compromised fertility. Current management strategies, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), can support recovery in some patients, but their effectiveness remains variable. This narrative review examines the emerging role of peptide and neuroendocrine strategies in TRT-induced reproductive suppression and functional male hypogonadism. A structured literature search was conducted to identify experimental, translational, and clinical studies investigating reproductive peptides and related neuroendocrine pathways. Particular attention was given to kisspeptin-based therapies, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-related approaches, neurokinin signaling pathways, and other developing interventions with potential relevance to male reproductive health. Current evidence suggests that peptide-based therapies may support endogenous hormonal signaling through targeted activation of the HPT axis. However, direct evidence demonstrating restoration of spermatogenesis or fertility following TRT-induced suppression remains limited, and important questions regarding long-term efficacy, safety, treatment protocols, and patient selection remain unresolved. Emerging peptide therapeutics represent a growing area of interest in reproductive endocrinology and may expand future treatment options for selected patients. Nevertheless, further well-designed clinical studies are required to establish their long-term efficacy, safety, and role in restoring reproductive function following TRT-induced suppression.

PMID 42666625
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in endocrinology2026-08-29

Irisin and endocrine-metabolic indicators as predictors of IVF-ET pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women with PCOS.

Wang Huixia H, Su Chunlin C, Jin Wei W, Lu Weiwei W et al.

To evaluate the association of serum irisin, together with reproductive endocrine and metabolic indicators, with clinical pregnancy outcomes following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This single-center retrospective cohort study included 92 infertile PCOS patients who underwent their first IVF-ET treatment at our hospital from February 2022 to February 2024. Available baseline data, IVF-related treatment parameters, reproductive endocrine and metabolic indicators were retrospectively collected from the medical records, and pregnancy outcomes were followed up. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate independent factors affecting pregnancy outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to assess the predictive value of related indicators. The pregnancy success group (n=44) was younger, required a lower total dose of gonadotropins (Gn), and retrieved more oocytes (P<0.05). Regarding reproductive endocrine parameters, the success group had higher levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (P), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and a lower luteinizing hormone (LH)/FSH ratio (P<0.05). Metabolically, the success group showed significantly lower fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared with the failure group (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that LH/FSH ratio (OR = 0.616), free testosterone index (FTI, OR = 0.363), irisin (OR = 0.401), and Gn dosage (OR = 0.445) were independent factors associated with lower odds of clinical pregnancy success (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis suggested that LH/FSH ratio, free testosterone index (FTI), irisin, and Gn dosage had moderate predictive value for pregnancy outcomes. The reproductive endocrine and metabolic characteristics of PCOS patients partially influence pregnancy outcomes following IVF-ET. Among the available endocrine, metabolic, and treatment-related indicators, LH/FSH ratio, FTI, irisin, and Gn dosage may serve as reference indicators for predicting IVF-ET pregnancy outcomes, suggesting that a more favorable endocrine and metabolic profile may be related to improved clinical pregnancy probability.

PMID 42666139
Read full article →
PubMedReproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)2026-08-29

Evaluation of the intergenerational effects of valproic acid and sodium butyrate on male reproductive parameters in the rat.

Mishra Sujata S, Kalle Arunasree M AM, Yenugu Suresh S

Valproic acid is used to treat epilepsy and Sodium Butyrate is emerging as an alternative treatment option. Though VPA and SB may affect male reproductive system, their possible intergenerational effects on male reproductive parameters is not known. We treated male rats with 10 or 20mg/kg VPA or SB and evaluated the intergenerational effects on the male reproductive-related parameters. Male rats exposed to 10 or 20mg/kg VPA or SB displayed reduced ability to induce pregnancy, produced lower litter size, marked by reduced litter weight; and these changes were observed in the next two generations. Sperm count, sperm motility and testosterone levels were reduced only in VPA-treated rats, which was also intergenerational. Oligospermia was evident in the caput and cauda of VPA-treated rats and in the subsequent generations. Results of this study provide preliminary evidence that using these two drugs for the treatment of epilepsy in males could affect reproductive outcomes in the progeny.

PMID 42668046
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about testosterone enanthate