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influenza vaccine (Agriflu / eTIV_a / Begripal)

✓ Approved

Novartis AG · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is influenza vaccine?

influenza vaccine is a vaccine developed by Novartis AG. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAgriflu, eTIV_a, Begripal
CompanyNovartis AG
Drug ClassVaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Novartis AG

Related Research Articles

PubMedAmerican family physician2026-10-16

Influenza: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Sur Denise K C DKC, Khoo Catherine Peony CP

Influenza is typically a self-limiting viral infection that causes symptoms such as fever, chills, cough, rhinitis, headache, sweats, myalgias, and malaise. However, serious illness and complications (eg, pneumonia, death) can occur, particularly in individuals with risk factors. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for people 6 months and older, including pregnant individuals, who do not have a contraindication to the vaccine. Rapid diagnosis of influenza using point-of-care testing in select patients increases antiviral prescribing and decreases antibiotic prescribing in those with a positive result. However, a negative rapid test result does not exclude influenza. Although most patients do not require treatment for influenza, antivirals should be initiated as soon as possible for patients who are hospitalized, have severe or progressive illness, or are at high risk of complications. Treatment can be considered in symptomatic patients who are household contacts of individuals at high risk of complications or in symptomatic health care professionals who care for patients at risk. Postexposure chemoprophylaxis with antiviral therapies can be considered in individuals who are at risk for influenza complications. Oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil are commonly recommended antiviral treatment options for influenza. Antiviral treatment is most effective if taken within 24 to 36 hours of symptom onset and reduces symptoms by approximately 20 hours. However, there is little to no evidence that it reduces complications of influenza.

PMID 42886183
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PubMedMilitary medicine2026-10-16

The Case for Dedicated Vaccine Communication Training: A Survey of Military Pediatricians.

Auvil Daley D, Jones Katherine K, Ratusnik Rebecca R, Adams Daniel J DJ

Vaccine uncertainty is rising among families in the United States, even among military families. The ACGME mandates that pediatric residents be trained in effective communication strategies for patients and families hesitant about recommended vaccinations, yet few validated curriculum tools exist. We aimed to understand the current landscape of vaccine uncertainty experienced by military general pediatricians and see what communication strategies were routinely being implemented in clinical practice. In March 2025, 45 graduates of a mid-sized military pediatrics residency program from the years 2016-2024 who were currently practicing general pediatricians were invited to participate in a survey on vaccine communication in clinical practice. The survey was a mix of quantitative questions asking for experienced trends in vaccine uncertainty as well as open-ended questions about communication strategies being implemented. Three clinical researchers performed a manual thematic analysis of free-text answers to understand and quantify common themes. Thirty-seven general pediatricians (82%) responded, and 95% of those surveyed rated a curriculum during medical training on vaccine communication as "very" or "extremely important." Only 19% of physicians were able to recall formal training in addressing vaccine hesitancy during medical school, and only 62% during residency. The 3 most commonly declined vaccines were COVID-19, influenza, and HPV. Pediatricians reported using communication strategies focused on knowledge-sharing (65%), partnership with families (62%), and normalizing vaccines (40%). Common barriers to vaccine acceptance were mistrust and disinterest, most commonly with unwillingness to engage in a conversation. Most practicing military pediatricians who graduated from our residency program report a rise in vaccine uncertainty in their practice and agree that a residency curriculum on vaccine communication is highly important. Such curricula should encourage evidence-based communication styles using vaccine normalization while de-emphasizing the urge to combat misinformation using knowledge-sharing and should specifically address the most commonly declined immunizations.

PMID 42885154
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PubMedPolymers2026-10-16

Gamma-Irradiated Starch/Chitosan Composite Particles for the Adsorption of Neospora caninum Membrane Proteins as a Potential Vaccine Delivery Platform.

Palma-Calvo María Paula MP, Rodríguez-Quesada Laria L, Chacón-Cerdas Randall R, Vilanova Manuel M et al.

Gamma irradiation offers a simple and reagent-free strategy for tailoring the physicochemical properties of starch for the development of functional biomaterials, although its application in protein delivery systems remains largely unexplored. In this study, starch was irradiated at doses between 50 and 500 kGy and combined with chitosan to produce composite particles for the adsorption of Neospora caninum membrane proteins (NcMP), with the aim of developing a potential intranasal vaccine delivery platform. Irradiation induced progressive oxidation and depolymerization of starch, as evidenced by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, increased apparent amylose content, reduced molecular weight and hydrodynamic diameter, and shifted the zeta potential to -13.4 mV, leading to the selection of starch irradiated at 300 kGy for particle preparation. The resulting starch-chitosan particles exhibited spherical morphology and, following protein adsorption, formed a protein-associated nanosystem with a hydrodynamic diameter of 105.7 nm and a zeta potential of -18.8 mV. Protein association was confirmed by fluorescence co-localization and an adsorption efficiency of 34%. These findings demonstrate that gamma irradiation is an effective approach for engineering starch-based composite particles with physicochemical characteristics suitable for protein association and intranasal delivery, supporting their potential as a versatile platform for protein subunit vaccine formulations.

PMID 42885077
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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Evaluation of the Adjuvant Activity of Herniaria glabra Saponin-Based Nanoadjuvants.

Bogoyavlenskiy Andrey A, Alexyuk Madina M, Alexyuk Pavel P, Omirtayeva Elmira E et al.

The increasing use of subunit and recombinant vaccines has created a demand for safe and effective adjuvants capable of enhancing immune responses. Here, we investigated a saponin-rich fraction isolated from Herniaria glabra as a source of novel nanoparticulate vaccine adjuvants. The saponins spontaneously self-assembled with lipid components to form stable nanocomplexes with favorable physicochemical characteristics. In a murine immunization model using viral glycoprotein antigens, these nanocomplexes significantly enhanced antigen-specific immune responses, increasing antibody titers by 8- to 16-fold compared with antigen alone. Their adjuvant activity exceeded that of aluminum hydroxide and approached that of Quillaja saponaria-derived saponin formulations. The nanocomplexes also induced balanced cellular immune responses comparable to those reported for Quil A-based nanosystems. These findings identify H. glabra as a promising alternative source of bioactive saponins and demonstrate the potential of plant-derived nanocomplexes as versatile adjuvant platforms for next-generation vaccines.

PMID 42883287
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PubMedChemical biology & drug design2026-10-16

DNAzymes and Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Immobilized on Aminopropylsilanol and Polylysine-Anatase Nanoparticles as Active Agents Against Influenza A/H5N1 Virus.

Repkova Marina M, Levina Asya A, Filippova Ekaterina E, Makarevich Elena E et al.

The nanocomposites based on aminopropylsilanol (Si~NH2) and polylysine-anatase (Ans/PL) nanoparticles bearing DNAzymes (Dz) and oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ON) can effectively inhibit the replication of the influenza A/H5N1 virus in cell culture. Nanocomposites based on both types of nanoparticles exhibit high activity. The Dz-containing nanocomposites exhibited higher antiviral activity than those containing ON, reducing influenza A/H5N1 virus production by 3.5 log versus 2.4-3.0 log, respectively. Notably, the effect of Dz incorporated into the nanoparticles was an order of magnitude higher than that of unbound Dz transfected with lipofectamine. Nanocomposites carrying control DNA fragments that are not specific to the influenza A virus genome have practically no antiviral activity, indicating the specificity of the proposed nanocomposites. It was demonstrated that the antiviral efficacy of the nanocomposites is primarily determined by the activity of DNA delivered into cells, which can be varied by altering either the nanocomposite concentration or its capacity for DNA fragments. All of the proposed nanocomposites can be considered as potential antiviral drugs.

PMID 42885400
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PubMedBMC genomics2026-10-16

Genetic marker analysis of RAPGEF6 gene and covariance structure modelling for egg.

Zarrinnia Mohammad Taghi MT, Hasanpur Karim K, Alijani Sadegh S, Javanmard Arash A et al.

Egg production sustainability is economically critical for layer farms. The Marandi chicken, an indigenous breed from northwestern Iran (Azerbaijan region), possesses significant potential for efficient egg production, yet its genetic potential remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RAPGEF6 gene and productive and reproductive traits in the Marandi chicken population. Performance and reproductive data were collected from 153 Marandi hens. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP. Data were analyzed using two complementary approaches in SAS: a repeated-measure model (with eight covariance structures) for repeated egg weight measurements, and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) for the remaining growth and performance traits. Genotype frequencies for the studied SNPs were determined. Post-hoc statistical power analysis was conducted using GLMPOWER in SAS to evaluate the ability of the current sample size to detect observed effect sizes. A significant association between one SNP and Maturity Weight (P = 0.014) was found in the present work, while no significant associations were found for the other 16 traits (P > 0.05). However, post-hoc power analysis revealed that the study had only 5% power to detect this effect, indicating that this finding is statistically unstable. The ARMA (1,1) model demonstrated good performance in accounting for the repeated egg weight measurements. Polymorphisms in the RAPGEF6 gene may influence growth traits in Marandi chickens, offering insights into the genetic underpinnings of performance. However, given the single-SNP design, the small sample size, and the severely limited statistical power (5%), all findings should be interpreted as exploratory and preliminary, warranting validation in independent, well-powered populations. No recommendations for marker-assisted selection can be made based on the current data. The optimal ARMA (1,1) covariance structure enhanced repeated-record analysis precision for egg-laying performance, facilitating a more consistent and reliable assessment of egg production patterns.

PMID 42881434
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