Drug Database
CA

calcitonin (Fortical Injection / Forcaltonin)

✓ Approved

Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. · CALCR · Recombinant Proteins

What is calcitonin?

calcitonin is a recombinant proteins developed by Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesFortical Injection, Forcaltonin
CompanyKyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.
Drug ClassRecombinant Proteins
Molecular TargetCALCR
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

calcitonin acts on 1 molecular target:

CALCRcalcitonin receptor (CT-R, CTR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

calcitonin is developed for 3 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Endocrine disordersHypercalcaemia of malignancy✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteitis deformans✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteoporosis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Injectable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Antibacterial Applications: Design Strategies, Antibacterial Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications.

Wang Jun-Ya JY, Sun Juan J, Zhou Yang Y

Injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels provide flowable precursors that form local depots on warming, offering a route to sustained antibacterial delivery in irregular tissue defects. This narrative review examines how thermal gelation, carrier architecture, and anatomical conditions jointly determine antibacterial exposure. It distinguishes polymer phase separation from macroscopic gelation, injectable precursors from topical and instilled formulations, and bacterial killing from biofilm and host-repair outcomes. Representative studies are compared by composition, delivery, thermal behavior, release conditions, microbiological endpoints, and animal model. Three design considerations emerge: gelation must occur within a practical administration window; drug availability depends on both the carrier and its local residence; and the required balance of retention, clearance, and tissue compatibility differs across wounds, infected bone defects, periodontal pockets, and ocular surfaces. Direct loading, particle-in-gel depots, contact-active components, and light-mediated treatments address different parts of this problem and require distinct efficacy and safety measurements. Current evidence supports preclinical antibacterial and regenerative applications, while heterogeneity in exposure and outcome measurements limits comparison across platforms. Progress toward clinical use depends on connecting formulation manufacture and material fate with local antibacterial exposure and indication-specific outcomes.

PMID 42882593
Read full article →
PubMedAAPS PharmSciTech2026-10-16

Development of an Injectable Boronic Ester Nanocomposite Hydrogel for pH- and Thermo-Responsive Gentamicin Delivery and Antibacterial Activity.

Othman Mahmoud H MH

Infected wounds require localized antimicrobial treatment strategies that provide sustained drug release, reduce systemic antibiotic exposure, and promote tissue repair. This study reports an infection-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel platform based on dynamic covalent boronic ester chemistry for triggered topical antibiotic delivery. Phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized cationic nanoparticles (PBA-NPs) were employed as three-dimensional crosslinkers and combined with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to construct an injectable nanocomposite hydrogel via reversible boronic ester interactions. The nanocomposite hydrogel was characterized for morphology, injectability, rheological properties, stimuli-responsive behavior, in vitro antibiotic release, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The resulting nanocomposite hydrogel exhibited a gel-sol transition at 39.7°C, while the pH-dependent chemistry of the boronic ester network supports enhanced network dissociation under mildly acidic conditions (pH 6.5). This dual pH- and thermo-responsive behavior enabled on-demand release of encapsulated gentamicin sulfate while preserving viscoelastic recovery consistent with dynamic network reconstruction. The cationic PBA-NPs exhibited intrinsic antibacterial activity and generated enhanced antimicrobial effects when combined with gentamicin. Zones of inhibition reached 22 mm (S. aureus) and 25 mm (P. aeruginosa) at 3% drug loading. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that dynamic covalent boronic ester nanocomposite hydrogel represents a promising injectable platform for infection-responsive localized antibiotic delivery and antibacterial wound management.

PMID 42881279
Read full article →
PubMedMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Universal Adhesive Bonding to Sound and Artificially Demineralized Dentin: The Role of Etching Strategy and Resin Composite Type.

Alkan Aygör Fehime F, Bahadır Hasibe Sevilay HS, Seçkin Kelten Özlem Ö

This study evaluated the effects of dentin substrate, adhesive strategy, and resin composite type on microshear bond strength (μSBS), with particular emphasis on three-second selective dentin etching of artificially demineralized dentin (ADD). Flat midcoronal dentin surfaces from 144 human permanent third molars were allocated according to dentin substrate, adhesive strategy, and resin composite type. ADD was produced using a 14-day pH-cycling protocol. Etch-and-rinse (E&R), self-etch (SE), and three-second selective dentin etching (SDE) strategies were evaluated with a thermoviscous bulk-fill and an injectable resin composite. μSBS was tested after 24-h water storage. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and heteroscedasticity-robust HC3 tests, with Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons. Sound dentin showed higher μSBS than ADD (p < 0.001), and adhesive strategy had a significant effect (p = 0.006). SDE showed higher μSBS than SE after Bonferroni adjustment (p = 0.0246), whereas the E&R-SE difference did not meet the adjusted significance threshold (p = 0.0503). No statistically significant difference was detected between SDE and E&R. The resin composite main effect and interactions were not statistically significant. These findings concern immediate bond strength after 24-h water storage and do not establish long-term bonding performance.

PMID 42882725
Read full article →
PubMedPolymers2026-10-16

Functional Polymer-Based Biomaterials for Corneal Tissue Engineering: An Indication-Guided Review of Design Trade-Offs.

Zhang Xinyue X, Zhao Ruocheng R, Xu Yang Y, Sun Lei L et al.

Corneal disease is a cause of vision loss worldwide, while conventional keratoplasty is constrained by limited donor tissue and immune rejection. This indication-guided review examines functional polymer platforms for corneal tissue engineering, including natural polymers, synthetic polymer networks and scaffolds, and hybrid polymer composites. It examines how molecular composition, crosslinking, architecture, surface functionalization, and fabrication influence hydrogels, films, fibrous scaffolds, injectable matrices, delivery systems, and polymeric keratoprosthetic components for epithelial, stromal, and endothelial contexts. Using an indication-guided design trade-off framework, the review compares these systems across optical performance, mechanical performance and surgical handling, mass transport and degradation behavior, biological function and tissue integration, host response, and manufacturability. Natural polymers can provide biological cues that support cell interactions, with limitations in mechanical robustness and compositional consistency. Synthetic polymers offer greater control of network properties and processing but often require biofunctionalization to support tissue integration. Hybrid constructs can distribute optical, structural, and therapeutic functions across components or regions, with added fabrication complexity. No material class is universally optimal, and polymer selection should be guided by the target corneal layer and clinical indication. Standardized evaluation, reproducible reporting of polymer composition and fabrication conditions, scalable manufacturing, and transparent reporting of evidence maturity are priorities for clinical translation.

PMID 42885051
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of clinical medicine2026-10-16

Severe Hypercalcemia and Acute Kidney Injury in a Patient with Probable IgG4-Related Disease and Cholestatic Liver Injury: A Case Report.

Chang Chi-Hsien CH, Tsai Shang-Feng SF

We report a 54-year-old man with a history of urticaria, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension who was receiving regular bisoprolol, rosuvastatin, and verapamil. He initially developed severe hypercalcemia (18.56 mg/dL) and acute kidney injury (serum creatinine, 5.14 mg/dL) while in China. Following intravenous hydration and calcitonin, serum calcium normalized and renal function substantially improved. During hospitalization, he subsequently developed marked eosinophilia, severe thrombocytopenia, cholestatic liver injury, lymphadenopathy, and markedly elevated serum IgG4 (851 mg/dL). Extensive evaluation did not identify evidence of malignancy or infection. The overall findings raised clinical suspicion of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) with possible hepatobiliary involvement and suspected immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. Ursodeoxycholic acid and fenofibrate were initiated when primary biliary cholangitis remained under consideration, followed by systemic corticosteroid therapy with dexamethasone. The patient's liver abnormalities, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, and systemic manifestations subsequently improved. However, definitive tissue confirmation of IgG4-RD was not obtained, and characteristic cholangiographic evidence of IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis was unavailable because MRCP or ERCP was not performed. During six months of outpatient follow-up, renal function remained stable and no clinical or biochemical relapse was observed. This case highlights severe hypercalcemia and acute kidney injury as unusual presenting features in a patient with clinical suspicion of IgG4-RD and emphasizes the importance of cautious diagnostic interpretation when histopathological and cholangiographic confirmation is unavailable.

PMID 42881960
Read full article →
PubMedAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026-10-16

Mn/Zn Bimetallic MOF-Integrated Hydrogel Alleviates Excessive Mitochondrial Fission in BMSCs to Promote Osteoporotic Jawbone Repair.

Jin Xiayue X, Ye Shengjia S, Yuan Yun Y, Yang Xueying X et al.

Osteoporotic jawbone defects show impaired bone healing and insufficient new bone regeneration due to a pathological osteoporotic microenvironment, where chronic inflammation and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation impair the function of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In this study, we find that osteoporotic BMSCs display reduced osteogenic differentiation and migration, accompanied by elevated intracellular ROS levels, mitochondrial dysregulation at both functional and structural levels. Targeting this pathophysiology, we engineer a locally injectable Mn-ZIF-8@GelMA hydrogel by incorporating manganese-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles into a gelatin methacryloyl matrix, synergistically integrating redox regulation with osteogenic stimulation. Mn-ZIF-8@GelMA effectively alleviates oxidative stress, improves mitochondrial function, and the osteogenic competence of osteoporotic BMSCs. Mechanistically, Mn-ZIF-8@GelMA treatment increases mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) expression, reduces dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) phosphorylation, and alleviates excessive mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial disruption and MAVS knockdown further suggest that MAVS and DRP1 may contribute to the mitochondrial remodeling and osteogenic effects of Mn-ZIF-8@GelMA. In vivo, Mn-ZIF-8@GelMA significantly promotes extraction socket repair in osteoporotic mice. This work presents a Mn/Zn bimetallic metal-organic framework (MOF)-integrated GelMA hydrogel for osteoporotic jawbone repair, and highlights redox-mediated mitochondrial regulation of endogenous BMSCs as a promising strategy to overcome impaired bone regeneration under osteoporotic conditions.

PMID 42881481
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about calcitonin