filgrastim (long-acting)

Correction to "Psychosocial Outcomes in Telemedicine and Long-Acting Incretin-Specific Behavioral Intervention".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/osp4.70149.].

An Integrative Model of Ketamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction: From Synapse to Circuit in Clinical Context.

Mohammadi Mola M, Saeedi Amin A, Vakilabad Ali Asghar Kheirkhah AAK, Seyedi Fatemeh F et al.

Ketamine presents a modern pharmacological paradox, acting as both a rapid-acting antidepressant and a drug of abuse with significant cognitive consequences. While its therapeutic potential is revolutionary, chronic exposure is increasingly associated with persistent and specific deficits in episodic and working memory. This narrative review moves beyond descriptive lists of ketamine's effects to propose a novel integrative model that delineates the coherent pathophysiological cascade through which chronic ketamine exposure induces memory dysfunction. We synthesize evidence that the initiating event-NMDA receptor antagonism, particularly on GABAergic interneurons-triggers a glutamate surge and glutamatergic dysregulation. This initial insult activates a self-reinforcing and pathological amplifying loop of neuroinflammation (e.g., microglial activation, cytokine release) and oxidative stress (e.g., mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS/RNS generation). These converging insults subsequently suppress BDNF/TrkB neurotrophic signaling and cause synaptic disintegration, impairing the plasticity mechanisms that underlie learning and memory. The cascade structurally culminates in apoptotic neuronal deletion, which permanently degrades the cellular substrate within critical memory circuits. This molecular and cellular pathology ultimately manifests as systems-level dysfunction, specifically the functional disconnection of the hippocampus-prefrontal cortex axis, explaining the core clinical memory deficits. By bridging evidence from synapse to circuit, this integrative model provides a unified framework for understanding individual vulnerability, proposes biomarkers for personalized risk assessment, and identifies targeted neuroprotective strategies to mitigate cognitive harm while preserving ketamine's therapeutic benefits.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Reveal Hydromechanical Adaptations of Ceriodaphnia dubia as an Inducible Defence Against the Carnivorous Plant Utricularia × neglecta.

Schulenberg Eva M EM, Piske Patrick P, Tomcic Marija M, Weiss Linda C LC et al.

Water fleas of the family Daphniidae are strong ecological interactors in many lentic ecosystems. As the most abundant filter feeders in these systems, they form a crucial link between primary production and higher trophic levels. Due to this central role in freshwater food webs and their capacity to react to a range of environmental changes with phenotypic plasticity, Daphniidae are widely regarded as model organisms in ecological research. They form inducible defences, representing a form of phenotypic plasticity, which reduces an organism's vulnerability to many animal predators. Just recently, the first inducible defence against a carnivorous water plant, the Southern Bladderwort, Utricularia × neglecta, was observed in Ceriodaphnia dubia, coinciding with a significant reduction in predation rate. This species' defensive traits are not yet fully understood. C. dubia was observed to swim more slowly, reducing contacts. Furthermore, its body is more slender. This is counterintuitive, as the plant is gape-limited, rendering outgrowing that gape intuitive. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), we followed a new hypothesis on the inducible defence's function. We simulated the drag forces acting on daphniids in the typical and the U. × neglecta-exposed morph. Our results indicate a decreased drag on the plant-exposed morph, likely acting in concert with a reduced probability of contact with the plant's suction-eliciting trigger hairs due to proportionally smaller second antennae. We therefore propose a protective inducible defence mechanism based on altered morphology in combination with modified hydromechanical properties. This newly discovered defensive strategy of hydromechanical adjustments adds another example to Daphnia's reputation as an ecoresponsive organism.

Intraoperative Hemodynamic Management and Cerebral Protection During Awake Craniotomy: Evidence-Based Approaches.

Maragh Marc Knezevic MK, Garcia Alanna Pagan AP, Oliinyk Yuliia Y, Acharjee Jayottri J et al.

Awake craniotomy is a standard neurosurgical technique that enables real-time assessment of brain functions during tumor resection, with high success rates. Although highly effective, the procedure is associated with hemodynamic disturbances, including blood pressure variability and impaired cerebral perfusion, compromising intraoperative safety. A focused literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar was performed to identify relevant studies on intraoperative hemodynamic management during awake craniotomy. Findings were synthesized narratively to summarize current evidence, highlight emerging strategies, and identify knowledge gaps. Hypertension (8%-34%) was the most common disturbance, often triggered by painful surgical stimuli or emergence from sedation, with repeat craniotomy, impaired autoregulation, and glioma pathology as additional risk factors. Hypotension (10%-11%) was linked to perioperative stroke and mortality. Cerebral hypoperfusion contributed to poor outcomes, with stroke up to 23% and neurological morbidity in 68% of patients. Preventive strategies, such as scalp blocks, individualized blood pressure targets, and the use of dexmedetomidine and midazolam, improved intraoperative stability, while short-acting agents, including esmolol and labetalol, were preferred for rapid control. Advanced monitoring modalities, including arterial lines, near-infrared spectroscopy, and cerebral autoregulation indices, enhance safety and support accurate functional mapping. Hemodynamic instability during awake craniotomy influences outcomes. Current evidence supports multimodal prevention, tailored blood pressure control, and short-acting pharmacological agents; practice variation and the lack of randomized trials limit standardization. Looking ahead, advanced monitoring and emerging AI systems may provide new opportunities to enhance cerebral protection and optimize patient safety. This review summarizes evidence on intraoperative hemodynamic control in awake craniotomy, emphasizing strategies that enable maximal safe resection while preserving neurological function.