Drug Database
DU

dust mite vaccine (acaroid)

✓ Approved

Merck KGaA · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is dust mite vaccine?

dust mite vaccine is a vaccine developed by Merck KGaA. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand Namesacaroid
CompanyMerck KGaA
Drug ClassVaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck KGaA

Therapeutic Indications

dust mite vaccine is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersRhinitis allergic✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthmaPhase III

Related Research Articles

PubMedCells2026-10-16

House Dust Mite Induces Distinct Cellular and Extracellular Vesicle-Associated miRNA Signatures in BEAS-2B Cells: Targeted Analysis of IL-4 Responses.

Sundar Isaac Kirubakaran IK, Giri Allan A

Airway epithelial cells actively regulate allergic asthma through allergen sensing, type 2 cytokine responses, and extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated intercellular communication. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of epithelial inflammation and remodeling; however, the extent to which allergen exposure differentially alters cellular and EV-associated miRNA profiles remains incompletely understood. This study characterized miRNA responses to house dust mite (HDM) exposure in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells and their EV-enriched fractions and subsequently examined selected HDM-responsive miRNAs following interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulation. BEAS-2B cells were exposed to HDM extract or IL-4 for 72 h. EV-enriched preparations were isolated from conditioned media and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, immunoblotting of EV-associated markers, and uptake assays. Global cellular and EV-associated miRNA profiling was performed in control and HDM-treated samples using the NanoString nCounter Human v3 miRNA assay, followed by qRT-PCR validation of selected candidates. HDM-responsive miRNAs were subsequently evaluated in IL-4-treated cells and corresponding EV-associated RNA by targeted qRT-PCR. Differentially expressed miRNAs were subjected to pathway-enrichment analysis. HDM exposure induced substantial remodeling of the cellular miRNA landscape, with 39 differentially expressed miRNAs identified in BEAS-2B cells. In contrast, EV-associated RNA exhibited a smaller but distinct set of differentially expressed miRNAs, including miR-612, miR-302d-3p, miR-125b-5p, and miR-15a-5p. Notably, miR-15a-5p displayed opposite directional changes in cellular and EV-associated RNA, highlighting compartment-specific differences in miRNA abundance. qRT-PCR independently supported several EV-associated candidates, including miR-612, miR-302d-3p, miR-15a-5p, and miR-125b-5p. Pathway analyses linked HDM-responsive miRNAs to cell-cycle regulation, p53 signaling, FoxO signaling, autophagy, and inflammatory pathways. Targeted qRT-PCR analysis revealed that many selected HDM-responsive miRNAs exhibited reduced expression following IL-4 stimulation compared with their respective untreated controls, indicating different directional responses for several candidates across the two stimulation paradigms . HDM exposure is associated with distinct cellular and EV-associated miRNA responses in the BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial model. The limited overlap between cellular and EV-associated miRNA profiles indicates that specific miRNAs are present at different levels in intracellular and EV compartments. In addition, several HDM-responsive miRNAs exhibited divergent responses following IL-4 stimulation, supporting context-dependent regulation by allergen and cytokine signaling. These findings identify EV-associated miRNAs as candidates for future mechanistic studies in the context of epithelial intercellular communication and allergic airway inflammation.

PMID 42882442
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Glutaminolysis and mTOR-C/EBPβ Signaling Drives the Differentiation of Novel IL-10-Producing Regulatory T Cells.

Tajima Masaki M, Fuss Ivan J IJ, Ikuta Naoko N, Mao Liming L et al.

Here we report that Dectin-1-stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) induce unique IL-10-producing T cells with strong regulatory function during fungal infection or experimental asthma. These T cells, which we call Dect-10 T cells, are induced by DC-initiated signaling that sets in motion two complementary mechanisms of IL-10-producing T cell differentiation. The first involves induction of nascent Dect-10 T cell IL-4 synthesis and attendant GATA3 production, the latter being a factor that exerts canonical and epigenetic transcriptional function at separate IL-10 promoter sites. The second involves TGFβ superfamily signaling associated with induction of glutaminolysis and generation of alpha-ketoglutarate, a factor that induces rapamycin-sensitive TORC1 activation; in turn, such activation causes the translation of the LIP isoform of C/EBPβ and the formation of a CREB1-LIP complex that binds to adjacent sites on the IL-10 promoter to facilitate the transactivation of the IL10 gene. Dect-10 T cell regulatory function is manifested through its capacity to down-regulate normally protective immune responses to hyphal C. albicans renal infection. In addition, Dect-10 T cells, in accord with their IL-4-dependent genesis, suppress dust mite-induced experimental asthma.

PMID 42883696
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PubMedAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026-10-16

Seasonal Dynamics, Host Network Structure, and Environmental Drivers of Gamasid Mite Communities on Small Mammals in a Dry-Hot Valley: A Year-Round Monitoring Study.

Yin Peng-Wu PW, Lv Yan Y, Song Wen-Yu WY, Fan Rong R et al.

Ectoparasitic gamasid mites on small mammals play crucial roles in transmitting zoonotic pathogens like hantaviruses associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). To elucidate their community, network structure, and seasonal drivers in xeric habitats, a consecutive 12-month localized survey was conducted in Waxi Village, Binchuan County, a dry-hot valley in Yunnan Province, southwest China, from November 2020 to October 2021. From 1329 captured small mammals (18 species, 89.62% rodents), 12,075 gamasid mites belonging to 33 species were identified. The community exhibited overwhelming dominance by the family Laelapidae (Cr = 99.35%) and genus Laelaps (Cr = 97.37%). Laelaps algericus, L. guizhouensis, and L. nuttalli constituted the dominant mite species (cumulative Cr = 88.96%) and formed a tightly correlated core species cluster. Overall infestation prevalence (PM), mean intensity (MI), and mean abundance (MA) were 46.05%, 19.73 mites/host, and 9.09 mites/host, respectively. The bipartite host-gamasid network revealed a significantly nested architecture (NODFobs = 31.16, Z = 14.03, p < 0.001) with high specialization (H2' = 0.599), anchored by dominant hosts (Rattus andamanensis, Apodemus chevrieri, and Mus caroli). α-diversity analysis showed that Margalef richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and Gini-Simpson index peaked in autumn (November), while troughs occurred in mid-spring (April) and mid-autumn (October). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS, stress = 0.0048) and PERMANOVA (R2 = 0.074, p = 0.001) confirmed significant seasonal shifts in community composition. Standard redundancy analysis (RDA) suggested temperature as the primary climatic driver (F = 7.205, p = 0.001; total model explanation = 8.2%). However, partial RDA (pRDA) conditioning on host species identity demonstrated that climatic variables directly accounted for only 0.1% of net variance (F = 0.662, p = 0.521). Our findings indicate that gamasid mite community assembly in this dry-hot valley is characterized by strong species dominance and network nestedness and that seasonal fluctuations are consistent with a host-mediated pattern rather than being directly governed by climate.

PMID 42882968
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Immune Profiles Elicited by Different HBV Vaccine Modalities and Their Associations with Serological and Intrahepatic Viral Outcomes.

Xiao Huiying H, He Jinhang J, Zhu Lili L, Wang Songmei S et al.

Therapeutic vaccination for chronic hepatitis B aims to restore HBV-specific T-cell immunity and contribute to a functional cure. We systematically compared the immune profiles and antiviral efficacy of four vaccine modalities: recombinant HBsAg (rHBsAg), antigen-antibody immune complex (IC), a DNA vaccine encoding HBsAg (DNA-HBsAg), and an HBsAg-Fc fusion DNA vaccine (DNA-HBsAg-Fc). In naïve mice, the rHBsAg vaccine predominantly induced anti-HBs IgG responses, whereas the IC vaccine elicited strong anti-HBs IgG and detectable CD4+ T-cell responses. In contrast, DNA vaccines preferentially induced HBsAg-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity, which was further enhanced by fusion to the Fc fragment of human IgG1. In the pre-immunization/AAV-HBV model, high anti-HBs titers in rHBsAg and IC groups were associated with rapid clearance of circulating HBsAg but not with comparable reductions in HBcAg+ hepatocytes, whereas stronger HBsAg-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the DNA vaccine groups were associated with greater reductions in HBcAg+ hepatocytes. However, in the therapeutic AAV-HBV model, all vaccine monotherapies showed limited and non-sustained antiviral efficacy, with only transient reductions in serum HBsAg and limited reductions in HBcAg+ hepatocytes. These findings highlight the distinct immune profiles of different vaccine platforms and an association between stronger HBsAg-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and reduced intrahepatic HBcAg expression, while underscoring the limited efficacy of vaccine monotherapy in the AAV-HBV model.

PMID 42883747
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PubMedMilitary medicine2026-10-16

The Case for Dedicated Vaccine Communication Training: A Survey of Military Pediatricians.

Auvil Daley D, Jones Katherine K, Ratusnik Rebecca R, Adams Daniel J DJ

Vaccine uncertainty is rising among families in the United States, even among military families. The ACGME mandates that pediatric residents be trained in effective communication strategies for patients and families hesitant about recommended vaccinations, yet few validated curriculum tools exist. We aimed to understand the current landscape of vaccine uncertainty experienced by military general pediatricians and see what communication strategies were routinely being implemented in clinical practice. In March 2025, 45 graduates of a mid-sized military pediatrics residency program from the years 2016-2024 who were currently practicing general pediatricians were invited to participate in a survey on vaccine communication in clinical practice. The survey was a mix of quantitative questions asking for experienced trends in vaccine uncertainty as well as open-ended questions about communication strategies being implemented. Three clinical researchers performed a manual thematic analysis of free-text answers to understand and quantify common themes. Thirty-seven general pediatricians (82%) responded, and 95% of those surveyed rated a curriculum during medical training on vaccine communication as "very" or "extremely important." Only 19% of physicians were able to recall formal training in addressing vaccine hesitancy during medical school, and only 62% during residency. The 3 most commonly declined vaccines were COVID-19, influenza, and HPV. Pediatricians reported using communication strategies focused on knowledge-sharing (65%), partnership with families (62%), and normalizing vaccines (40%). Common barriers to vaccine acceptance were mistrust and disinterest, most commonly with unwillingness to engage in a conversation. Most practicing military pediatricians who graduated from our residency program report a rise in vaccine uncertainty in their practice and agree that a residency curriculum on vaccine communication is highly important. Such curricula should encourage evidence-based communication styles using vaccine normalization while de-emphasizing the urge to combat misinformation using knowledge-sharing and should specifically address the most commonly declined immunizations.

PMID 42885154
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PubMedNature communications2026-10-16

Klebsiella-dominant gut communities are associated with impeded oral rotavirus vaccine response in infants.

Seymour Cale O CO, Ecklu-Mensah Gertrude G, Lee Yesun Y, Nicols Alexander R AR et al.

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is the leading cause of infant diarrheal death worldwide. Oral rotavirus vaccine (RVV) prevents illness and death, but efficacy differs between high- and low-income countries and the etiologies are unclear. Here, we describe the relationship between colonization of the infant gut by commensal bacteria, inflammation, and vaccine response across a cohort of infants from Panama, Peru, and the U.S. Vaccine immunogenicity was related to community composition in the first month of life and inverse to increased relative abundance of Klebsiella. Clustering communities into gut types revealed that microbiome configurations with elevated Klebsiella or Escherichia in the first month of life were negatively associated with both seroconversion and rotavirus shedding after vaccination, suggesting potential inhibition of vaccine function or host response. Infants without RVV strain shedding displayed elevated fecal calprotectin in the first month. These results implicate microbiome-augmented infant gut inflammation as a potential impediment to RVV response.

PMID 42881193
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