Drug Database
AC

acetylsalicylic acid + clopidogrel (Copregrel / Coprigrel)

✓ Approved

Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is acetylsalicylic acid + clopidogrel?

acetylsalicylic acid + clopidogrel is a small molecule developed by Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesCopregrel, Coprigrel
CompanyChong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2, P2RY12
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

acetylsalicylic acid + clopidogrel acts on 3 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
P2RY12purinergic receptor P2Y12 (P2Y(ADP), P2Y(cyc))
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

acetylsalicylic acid + clopidogrel is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Vascular disordersThrombosis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJAMA2026-08-30

Anticoagulation Monotherapy vs Antiplatelet Monotherapy After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implant: The ACASA-TAVI Randomized Clinical Trial.

Dodgson Christopher S CS, Herstad Jon J, Kløve Sophie F SF, Flygel Malin M et al.

Transcatheter aortic valve implant (TAVI) is increasingly being performed in younger and healthier patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. Antithrombotic therapy after TAVI is a key element of optimizing valve durability and clinical outcomes. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a factor Xa inhibitor non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) monotherapy strategy vs an acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) monotherapy strategy after TAVI. Between December 2021 and June 2025, 360 participants between the ages of 65 and 80 years undergoing TAVI for severe aortic valve stenosis were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point trial conducted at 3 Norwegian centers managing the majority of TAVI procedures nationally. The last patient completed follow-up on May 19, 2026. A total of 360 participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 12 months of monotherapy with either NOAC (intervention) or ASA (control). A predefined co-primary end point strategy was chosen to address both efficacy and safety. The primary efficacy end point was TAVI valve leaflet thrombosis defined as the presence of hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) on blinded core laboratory 4-dimensional cardiac computed tomographic (CT) scan at 12 months. The primary safety end point was a composite of adjudicated Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 (VARC-3) bleeding events, thromboembolic events, and all-cause death at 12 months. Of the 360 participants randomized (mean age, 74.5 years [SD, 3.7]; 134 females [37%]), 336 completed the trial (168 in each group). The primary efficacy end point occurred in 27 participants (16.2%) allocated to the NOAC group and in 48 participants (28.6%) allocated to the ASA group (risk ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.82, P = .004). The primary safety end point occurred in 13 participants (7.5%) in the NOAC group and in 19 participants (10.6%) in the ASA group (risk difference, -3.3%; 95% CI, -9.5% to 2.8%; P for noninferiority <.001). A strategy of NOAC monotherapy after TAVI reduced the incidence of HALT and was noninferior for bleeding, thromboembolic events, or death compared with acetylsalicylic acid monotherapy. These findings suggest that anticoagulation therapy can be beneficial after TAVI in selected patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05035277.

PMID 42669043
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PubMedNature medicine2026-08-30

Dual antithrombotic therapy using potent antiplatelet inhibitors in atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

Rizas Konstantinos D KD, Mourouzis Konstantinos K, Rath Dominik D, Olivier Christoph B CB et al.

The selection of the optimal antithrombotic regimen in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome remains challenging. Previous trials have demonstrated that dual antithrombotic therapy (DAT), consisting of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) plus a P2Y12 inhibitor, reduces bleeding compared to a triple-therapy regimen using vitamin K antagonists. However, subsequent meta-analyses have suggested an increased risk of ischemic events with DAT, particularly within the first month of treatment. Clopidogrel has been the predominant P2Y12 inhibitor used across these studies, despite the risk of high on-treatment platelet reactivity when using this drug. In this study, we conducted an open-label, randomized controlled trial (EPIDAURUS) in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome, designed to assess the efficacy and safety of a 1-month regimen of DOAC plus potent P2Y12 inhibitor (prasugrel or ticagrelor) compared to DOAC plus clopidogrel and in-hospital aspirin. The primary outcomes of the trial were an efficacy endpoint, recurrent ischemic events and safety endpoints, including death and major bleeding, which were evaluated 6 weeks after randomization using separate win-loss ratio analyses. The study was prematurely terminated after enrollment of 602 patients (154 female) of an expected 1,474 patients, owing to safety concerns raised by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board. Exploratory analyses of secondary safety endpoints, including bleeding type ≥2 and ≥3 according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium scale, revealed that, compared to clopidogrel and in-hospital aspirin, treatment with a potent P2Y12 inhibitor was associated with higher bleeding rates without a clear reduction in the risk of ischemic complications. These findings do not support the routine use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors in combination with DOACs in this patient population. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04981041 .

PMID 42668287
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PubMedThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global2026-08-30

ALOX15-driven ω-6 fatty acid metabolism promotes type 2 inflammation in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Sakashita Masafumi M, Kidoguchi Masanori M, Imoto Yoshimasa Y, Sato Yohei Y et al.

Local lipid metabolism contributes to immune homeostasis in the nasal mucosa and the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. However, lipid mediator networks underlying eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) remain poorly defined. To characterize fatty acid-derived lipid mediator profiles in nasal polyps (NPs) from patients with and without ECRS and identify pathways associated with eosinophilic inflammation. Lipidomic profiling was performed using LC-MS/MS on NP tissues from patients with ECRS (n = 4) and without ECRS (n = 4). A total of 158 ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediators were quantified. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) pathway activity was evaluated by quantitative PCR and ELISA. ECRS NPs displayed a distinct lipidomic signature compared with non-ECRS NPs. ECRS NPs exhibited increased levels of proinflammatory ω-6 fatty acid metabolites, including 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, along with elevated ALOX15 pathway products and higher ALOX15 mRNA expression. Anti-inflammatory specialized proresolving mediators, such as lipoxin A4, were also elevated within the ω-6 pathway, and lipoxin A4 levels correlated with 15-HETE levels. These patterns indicate the concurrent activation of pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, with a predominance of ALOX15-driven ω-6 metabolites in ECRS. In contrast, the ω-3 fatty acid pathway showed only modest increases in 14,15-DiHETE and resolvin D2, suggesting a limited compensatory resolution response compared with the robust ALOX15-dependent ω-6 activity. ECRS NPs exhibit a skewed lipid mediator profile characterized by enhanced ALOX15-dependent ω-6 metabolism and insufficient resolution activity. This imbalance may underlie persistent type 2 inflammation in ECRS and suggests that targeting the 15-lipoxygenase pathway may offer therapeutic benefits.

PMID 42668469
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PubMedFood chemistry: X2026-08-30

Effect of solid-state fermentation on the release and antioxidant activity of soluble polyphenols from wheat bran.

Tian Xiaomin X, Guo Yuqiu Y, Sun Linlin L, Chen Lirong L et al.

Using wheat bran as substrate, four solid-state fermentation methods were compared for soluble polyphenol release. The effect of Bio-enzymatic synergy (BES) is the most significant, producing 4.85 mg GAE/g of total phenolic substances, which is 45.77% higher than the control group (CK). LC-MS analysis revealed that ferulamide and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid predominated in positive ion mode, while salicylic acid dominated in negative mode. Notably, salicylic acid was found almost exclusively in ester-bound and glycoside-bound fractions (>88%), indicating its release requires cleavage of covalent linkages to cell wall components. The release of salicylic acid results from the synergistic action of Bio-enzymatic synergy and alkaline hydrolysis. Both in vitro and in vivo assays confirmed that BES-released polyphenols enhanced antioxidant activity, reducing ROS and MDA levels while increasing GSH-Px activity and extending C. elegans lifespan. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for developing targeted fermentation-enzymatic processes to produce functional wheat bran extracts.

PMID 42668496
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PubMedFood chemistry: X2026-08-30

Comprehensive analysis of the effects of foliar application of the synthetic strigolactone analog GR24 during the growth period on postharvest quality and metabolic indicators of pak choi.

Ma Yufeng Y, Cai Qitong Q, Wang Cheng C, Liu Yang Y et al.

Strigolactones (SLs) regulate plant growth and metabolism, but their concentration-dependent effects on leafy vegetable quality remain unclear. We investigated how the synthetic SL analog GR24 affects physiological and metabolic processes in pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis). Mantel correlation analysis and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) revealed distinct response patterns. The 1 μmol·L-1 treatment (T2) enhanced photosynthesis, carbon‑nitrogen assimilation, mineral accumulation, and GA3, ZT, ABA, and JA levels, whereas the 10 μmol·L-1 treatment (T3) promoted carotenoid and phenolic accumulation, including rutin, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid. Multivariate analysis linked phenolic acid accumulation mainly to nitrogen and amino acid metabolism, with additional associations with P status. Overall, T2 broadly enhanced primary metabolism and nutrition, whereas T3 favored secondary and antioxidant-related metabolism, providing a framework for optimizing GR24 application in high-quality leafy vegetable production.

PMID 42668560
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PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X2026-08-30

Optimizing nucleic acid delivery using PF14 peptide and lipid nanoparticle systems.

Daniele Delia D, Hein Zaw Myo ZM, Saher Osama O, El-Serafi Ibrahim I

Nucleic acid-based therapeutics are a rapidly expanding class of precision medicines capable of directly modulating gene expression. However, their clinical application is limited by challenges in cellular delivery, including large molecular size, hydrophilicity, and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. To address these barriers, advanced delivery platforms such as cell-penetrating peptides and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been developed. This study evaluates two delivery systems: the cell-penetrating peptide PepFect-14 (PF14) and LNP formulations, for enhancing nucleic acid delivery and cellular uptake. PF14 facilitates intracellular transport through peptide-nucleic acid complex formation, while LNPs protect cargo from degradation and can promote endosomal escape. Their performance was assessed under different conditions using luciferase-based reporter systems in HeLa cells. PF14-mediated delivery of the splice-switching oligonucleotide ON-705 in HeLa 705 cells showed efficient splice correction, with activity increasing in a dose- and molar ratio- dependent manner, reaching a plateau at a 1:10 ratio. Delivery efficiency was significantly influenced by formulation conditions, with Opti-MEM outperforming standard media and sugar-based buffers. Polymer excipients also affected activity as PVA18, PVA40, and PVP40 enhanced performance, while low molecular weight PVP reduced efficacy. In parallel, LNP-mediated delivery of luciferase mRNA in wild-type HeLa cells demonstrated robust, dose-dependent protein expression. Both systems maintained high cell viability (80-100%). Overall, these findings highlight the importance of formulation optimization in improving nucleic acid delivery and provide practical insights for enhancing peptide- and lipid-based therapeutic platforms.

PMID 42668503
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