Drug Database
MA

mannitol (Aridol / Osmohale)

✓ Approved

Syntara · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is mannitol?

mannitol is a small molecule developed by Syntara. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAridol, Osmohale
CompanySyntara
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteInhaled
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Syntara

Therapeutic Indications

mannitol is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersRespiratory failure✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Quality by Design-Guided Development of Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. Extract-Loaded Liposomes.

Ciobanu Cristina C, Cornilă Andreea A, Vitalie Cobzac C, de Monte Vidal Vinicius V et al.

An integrated Quality by Design (QbD) approach was developed for the systematic optimization of Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. extraction and its subsequent incorporation into liposomal formulations. A D-optimal design was initially applied to evaluate the influence of extraction method, plant material-to-solvent ratio, and ethanol concentration on total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The optimization identified ultrasound-assisted extraction using 70% ethanol at a plant material-to-solvent ratio of 1:50 as the optimal extraction condition. Phytochemical profiling of the optimized plant extract by LC-TIMS-HRMS/MS led to the putative annotation of 47 metabolites, predominantly hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids. The second D-optimal design elucidated the combined effects of formulation composition and ultrasonic processing and identified an extract-to-phospholipid ratio of 1:0.84 (w/w), a phospholipid-to-cholesterol ratio of 1:0.42 (w/w), and probe sonication for 16.73 min as the conditions providing the most favorable balance among particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), encapsulation efficiency (EE), and drug loading. The formulation obtained under these conditions was subsequently evaluated for in vitro release, showing distinct release profiles under the two investigated pH conditions over 24 h, with cumulative phenolic release reaching 68.14 ± 3.68% at pH 7.4 and 53.77 ± 2.99% at pH 5.5. The liposomal formulation obtained under optimized conditions, with a particle size of 224.1 ± 1.9 nm, a PDI of 0.206 ± 0.014, and an EE of 75.95 ± 0.24%, was lyophilized with 5% (w/v) mannitol, with its key physicochemical attributes preserved upon reconstitution. Long-term stability assessment over 12 months showed that the reconstituted lyophilized liposomes retained a particle size below 300 nm, a PDI below 0.30, and an EE above 73%, while TEM analysis confirmed preservation of vesicular morphology. Preliminary cytocompatibility assessment in adult human dermal fibroblasts further indicated a more favorable cellular response to the liposomal formulation than to the free extract. These findings demonstrate the applicability of a systematic approach integrating extract optimization with liposomal formulation development for C. cardunculus var. scolymus extract-loaded liposomes.

PMID 42883173
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PubMedJournal of clinical medicine2026-10-16

Association of Haptoglobin Genotype with Cardiovascular Disease and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Ural Zeynep Z, Helvacı Ozant O, Korucu Berfu B, Yetkin Nisa Akın NA et al.

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains a major determinant of long-term outcomes after kidney transplantation. Haptoglobin (HP) is a genetically polymorphic hemoglobin-binding protein involved in hemoglobin scavenging, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Although the HP 2-2 genotype has been associated with cardiometabolic risk in non-transplant populations, its clinical relevance after kidney transplantation remains uncertain. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of 229 adult kidney transplant recipients who underwent recipient HP genotyping by polymerase chain reaction. Recipients were categorized a priori as HP 2-2 (n = 119) or non-HP 2-2 (HP 2-1/HP 1-1; n = 110). Documented cardiovascular disease burden, cardiometabolic characteristics, laboratory parameters, echocardiographic measures, overall biopsy-proven rejection, graft failure, death-censored graft survival, and all-cause mortality were analyzed. Multivariable logistic, linear, and Cox regression models were used as appropriate, with covariates selected according to clinical relevance and event number. Results: Compared with non-HP 2-2 recipients, HP 2-2 recipients had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (23.5% vs. 12.7%; p = 0.03) and documented cardiovascular disease burden (24.4% vs. 10.9%; p = 0.008). Median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in HP 2-2 recipients (65% [interquartile range (IQR), 60-67] vs. 68% [IQR, 62-70]; p < 0.001), with higher unadjusted frequencies of sex-defined left atrial enlargement and left ventricular hypertrophy. In multivariable analyses, HP 2-2 showed nominal associations with documented cardiovascular disease burden (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-5.03; p = 0.033; false discovery rate (FDR) q = 0.163) and lower continuous LVEF (β, -2.00 percentage points; 95% CI, -3.61 to -0.38; p = 0.015; FDR q = 0.154); neither association remained significant after FDR correction. In complementary allele-dosage analyses, increasing HP2 allele dosage remained associated with lower LVEF after FDR correction (β, -1.93 percentage points per additional HP2 allele; 95% CI, -3.20 to -0.65; p = 0.0033; FDR q = 0.036). Overall biopsy-proven rejection, graft failure, death-censored graft survival, and all-cause mortality were not associated with HP 2-2. Conclusions: Recipient HP 2-2 genotype showed nominal associations with greater documented cardiovascular disease burden and lower LVEF, whereas the graded inverse association between HP2 allele dosage and LVEF remained after FDR correction. These findings are exploratory and require prospective validation before clinical risk-stratification implications can be considered.

PMID 42881997
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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Design, Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Triazole-Benzimidazole Hybrid Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of EGFR, EGFR-L858R, and EGFR-L858R/T790M.

Uslu Harun H, Hıdır Arzu A, Yumuşak Esra E, Osmaniye Derya D et al.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has become one of the most important molecular targets for the development of anticancer agents because of its critical role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In the present study, a novel series of benzimidazole-triazole derivatives were designed by incorporating pharmacophoric features of clinically used EGFR inhibitors, synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their anticancer potential. Cytotoxicity studies against the A549 lung cancer cell line identified 2-((4-Ethyl-5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-N-methylacetamide, 2-((4-Ethyl-5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-N-(hydroxymethyl)acetamide, 2-((4-Ethyl-5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, and 2-((4-Ethyl-5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-N-phenylacetamide as active derivatives, with compound 5a exhibiting the highest antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 6.014 ± 0.758 µM), and relatively low cytotoxicity toward NIH/3T3 cells. Based on these findings, 2-((4-Ethyl-5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-N-methylacetamide was further evaluated against EGFR and its clinically relevant mutant forms, EGFR-L858R and EGFR-L858R/T790M. Retrospective in silico ADME analysis indicated that the synthesized compounds generally possessed favorable drug-like properties, with 2-((4-Ethyl-5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-N-methylacetamide showing the most favorable overall drug-likeness profile among the series. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed that compound 2-((4-Ethyl-5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-N-methylacetamide formed stable interactions with key residues in the ATP-binding site of unmutated EGFR, supporting the in vitro inhibition results. Overall, synthesized benzimidazole-triazole derivatives may be promising precursor compounds for the development of novel EGFR inhibitors, particularly against unmutated EGFR cancer cells.

PMID 42883199
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PubMedThe Journal of organic chemistry2026-10-16

Selective Control of Photocatalytic [2 + 2] Cycloaddition versus Isomerization Using Anthraquinone Photosensitizers.

Li Yalin Y, Wu Peng P, Zhang Zixuan Z, Zhu Hui H et al.

Designed anthraquinone photosensitizers enable selective switching between chalcone [2 + 2] cycloaddition and E/Z isomerization. The α-trifluoromethyl group drives isomerization (5:95), whereas the β-tert-butyl group with polychloro substituents promotes cycloaddition (98% yield), a result supported by DFT-derived triplet energies and binding energies. In addition, a relatively high chalcone concentration favors cycloaddition (98%), whereas a low chalcone concentration favors isomerization (98%).

PMID 42886210
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PubMedPolymers2026-10-16

Defocusing-Controlled Morphology and Electrochemical Performance of Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Microsupercapacitors.

Yu Seon Jong SJ, Yu Da Hwan DH, Choi Mun Jeong MJ, Lee Inhwan I et al.

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a promising porous carbon electrode for flexible microsupercapacitors (MSCs), and defocusing is an established means of tuning its morphology. Here, a defocusing series was evaluated as a complete process-to-device chain with the CO2 laser power and scan speed fixed at 5.0 W and 46 mm s-1. A polyimide substrate was positioned 0-3 mm below the focal plane to produce laser-induced graphene fibers (LIGFs), LIG-1, LIG-2, and LIG-3. Increasing the defocusing distance lowered the peak fluence per pulse from 16.7 to 2.1 J cm-2, transforming a fibrous network into porous LIG, an open-cell-like network, and a film whose smooth, oxygen-rich surface skin covered a porous interior. LIG-2 showed the lowest sheet resistance (15.3 Ω sq-1), ID/IG ratio (0.29), and equivalent series resistance (78 Ω), delivering 2.88 mF cm-2 at 0.05 mA cm-2 and 97.4% retention after 2000 cycles. LIGF showed the lowest contact angle (12.1°), retained 57.3% of its capacitance at 0.25 mA cm-2, and surpassed LIG-2 at ≥0.10 mA cm-2. Both electrodes retained their cyclic voltammetry (CV) response under a single 180° bend. Thus, substrate-height adjustment tunes LIG morphology and rate-dependent MSC performance without changing laser power or scan speed.

PMID 42885008
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Cabozantinib for Temporomandibular Joint Cartilage Repair: Murine and Porcine Injury Models.

Silverstein Max L ML, Hou Sophia S, Ge Chunxi C, Garcia Tanya C TC et al.

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is characterized by progressive degeneration of the fibrocartilaginous articular surface. We previously demonstrated that combined bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition promotes endogenous hyaline cartilage regeneration in appendicular joints. Whether this regenerative strategy can be extended to the specialized fibrocartilage of the TMJ remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the regenerative potential of BMP-2 combined with cabozantinib, an FDA-approved multikinase inhibitor with activity against VEGF receptors, using complementary murine and porcine TMJ cartilage injury models. In mice, needle-induced abrasion of the mandibular condyle resulted in loss of the fibrocartilaginous articular surface and extracellular matrix; treatment with BMP-2 and cabozantinib was associated with improved cartilage architecture and increased fibrocartilage thickness. To examine translational feasibility, we developed a surgically accessible porcine TMJ cartilage defect model and demonstrated the technical feasibility of local BMP-2 and cabozantinib delivery with formation of repair tissue within the defect. Collectively, these findings provide preliminary evidence supporting further investigation of combined BMP-2 and cabozantinib for TMJ cartilage repair.

PMID 42884179
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