Drug Database
IM

immunoglobulin G

✓ Approved

Quimbiotec · Polyclonal Antibodies · Polyclonal Antibodies

What is immunoglobulin G?

immunoglobulin G is a polyclonal antibodies developed by Quimbiotec. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

CompanyQuimbiotec
Drug ClassPolyclonal Antibodies, Antibody
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Quimbiotec

Therapeutic Indications

immunoglobulin G is developed for 4 unique indications across 4 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersGuillain-Barre syndrome✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersPurpura✓ Approved
Immune system disordersImmunodeficiency✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsBorna virus infection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026-07-17

Allosteric disulfide control of ligand binding and endocytosis of KIR2DL4, the natural killer cell receptor for HLA-G.

Rajagopalan Sumati S, Chiu Joyce J, Chaurasia Priyanka P, Lu Jinghua J et al.

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G is selectively expressed by fetal trophoblast cells that invade maternal tissue and encounter maternal natural killer (NK) cells early in pregnancy. In NK cells, the endosomal receptor KIR2DL4 responds to soluble HLA-G by inducing a broad transcriptional program to support placental development. Structural features of KIR2DL4 that control ligand binding and endocytosis are unclear. Random mutagenesis revealed that three cysteines in the first immunoglobulin domain of KIR2DL4 regulate endocytosis and uptake of HLA-G. We found that the atypical Cys10-Cys28 disulfide bond observed in the KIR2DL4 crystal structure is an allosteric disulfide with potential to switch to a conventional Cys28-Cys74 bond. KIR2DL4 in human cells exists in both disulfide-bonded states, as shown by mass spectrometry analysis. The Cys10-Cys28 bond in a Cys74Ser KIR2DL4 mutant was reduced by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in vitro. Inhibition of PDI prevented HLA-G uptake by KIR2DL4 in both transfected 293T cells and primary NK cells. Mutants in the Cys10-Cys28 configuration endocytosed spontaneously but did not bind HLA-G. Conversely, KIR2DL4 with a Cys28-Cys74 bond was at the plasma membrane and responded to soluble HLA-G by endocytosis and transcription of the interferon stimulated gene IFI44L , like wild-type cells. A purified Cys10Leu KIR2DL4 mutant, which exhibited a reduced tendency to oligomerize, bound HLA-G in a peptide dependent manner with an affinity in the low micromolar range. Disulfide switching from the Cys10-Cys28 to the Cys28-Cys74 form correlated with a distant allosteric change, as predicted by AlphaFold, that could reorient a D0 domain loop to facilitate HLA-G binding. Thus, conversion from an inactive state to an HLA-G binding form regulates KIR2DL4 cellular localization and function to promote fetal development.

PMID 42465296
Read full article →
PubMedModern rheumatology case reports2026-07-17

Persistent parvovirus B19 infection in an older patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving immunosuppressive therapy: A case report and literature review.

Oyama Masako M, Yoshida Yusuke Y, Yoshida Tetsumi T, Kobayashi Hiroki H et al.

An 84-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing treatment with methotrexate presented with fever, general fatigue, and appetite loss. He had a 3-month history of unexplained normocytic anaemia with reticulocytopenia. Bone marrow examination revealed erythroid hypoplasia with giant pro-erythroblasts, leading to a diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection. In this case, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy improved the patient's anaemia and systemic symptoms. Six months after the treatment, parvovirus B19 DNA remained detectable using polymerase chain reaction; however, the viral load had markedly decreased, indicating a favourable virological response. Twenty cases of parvovirus B19 infection in older adults (aged ≥65 years) were identified in the literature. Immunocompromised older patients frequently develop persistent parvovirus B19 infections that require treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, whereas persistent infections are not observed in immunocompetent older individuals. Therefore, this case suggests that clinicians should be aware of persistent parvovirus B19 infection in older immunosuppressed patients who develop unexplained anaemia with reticulocytopenia. Moreover, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy may be considered as an effective therapeutic option for persistent parvovirus B19 infection in immunocompromised patients.

PMID 42466599
Read full article →
PubMedEuropean journal of case reports in internal medicine2026-07-17

Isolated Cytomegalovirus Optic Neuritis in an Immunocompetent Patient.

Petrakis Vasileios V, Aggelopoulou Christina C, Tartanis Georgios G, Tsakaldimi Soultana S et al.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) typically causes asymptomatic or mild, self-limiting infections in immunocompetent individuals. Severe end-organ disease, particularly isolated central nervous system or ocular involvement, is associated with significant immunosuppression. Isolated optic neuritis due to CMV in a healthy, immunocompetent host is a rare clinical entity, which can lead to delayed diagnosis and potential vision loss. We report a rare case of a previously healthy 25-year-old male who presented with a 3-day history of intermittent right retrobulbar pain and was found to have early bilateral optic disc oedema. Best-corrected visual acuity was 9/10 in the right eye, with normal colour vision and no relative afferent pupillary defect. An extensive neurological, immunological, and infectious disease workup was negative for autoimmune and demyelinating conditions. However, serological testing revealed positive immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G titres for CMV. Concurrent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing detected CMV viremia in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), confirming an active CMV infection with central nervous system involvement. The patient was treated with high-dose intravenous corticosteroids and systemic antiviral therapy with valganciclovir leading to a complete clinical and anatomical recovery and no clinical relapse during the follow-up period. This case highlights that severe CMV neuroretinal manifestations can occur in strictly immunocompetent patients. Prompt molecular diagnostic testing, specifically CSF and blood PCR, is crucial when atypical optic neuritis is encountered. A combined regimen of antiviral therapy and high-dose corticosteroids represents a highly effective, organ-saving approach for managing CMV-induced optic neuritis. Cytomegalovirus must be included in the differential diagnosis of acute optic neuritis and bilateral optic disc oedema, even in young, strictly immunocompetent patients without concurrent retinitis or prior immunosuppression.The utilization of polymerase chain reaction to detect viral copies in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid is essential for confirming active systemic and central nervous system viral involvement.The management of viral optic neuritis may necessitate a dual pharmacological strategy. High-dose corticosteroids are crucial to rapidly suppress tissue-damaging inflammation behind an intact blood-brain barrier, while systemic antiviral therapy is required to eradicate the underlying viral load and prevent clinical relapse.

PMID 42466218
Read full article →
PubMedHandbook of experimental pharmacology2026-07-17

TAAR Immunopharmacology.

Magnesa Anna A, Pacini Andrea A, Rutigliano Grazia G

Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) were originally identified as G protein-coupled receptors involved in monoaminergic signaling within the central nervous system. However, accumulating evidence indicates that TAARs, particularly TAAR1 and TAAR2, are also expressed in the immune system, including circulating leukocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, and microglia. This chapter reviews current evidence regarding TAAR expression, functional pharmacology, and potential translational relevance within the immune system.Expression studies support a predominant TAAR1/TAAR2 pattern across both innate and adaptive immune-cell populations. Functional studies indicate that TAAR signaling can modulate inflammatory responses through chemotaxis, cytokine production, and immunoglobulin secretion. However, these effects are highly context-dependent, preventing a simple classification of TAAR signaling as either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory.The chapter also discusses the emerging role of TAAR signaling in the pathophysiology of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, methamphetamine-associated immune dysfunction during HIV infection, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, fibromyalgia, and hematological malignancies.Despite growing interest in TAAR immunopharmacology, the current evidence remains largely preclinical and methodologically heterogeneous. Major limitations include incomplete protein-level validation, reliance on immortalized cell lines or mixed-cell populations, species-specific pharmacology of available ligands, and limited understanding of physiological trace amine signaling under basal conditions. Further integrative studies will be required to clarify TAAR pathophysiological significance and determine whether TAAR-targeted strategies may have translational relevance in immune-mediated disorders.

PMID 42463873
Read full article →
PubMedCureus2026-07-17

Generalized Tetanus in an Unvaccinated 52-Year-Old Male Gardener: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in a Low-Resource Setting.

Qadri Imman I, AlKhawaja Raneem E RE, Mathew Rahul S RS, Khan Israr A IA et al.

Tetanus remains a life-threatening but preventable disease, which continues to manifest in adults lacking sufficient tetanus vaccination and accessibility to tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG). The case discussed is of an unvaccinated 52-year-old Pakistani male patient who developed progressive trismus, difficulty in swallowing, and general spasms following a minor foot wound. The early symptomatology was attributed to psychological stress or heat exhaustion; thus, there was an initial delay in diagnosis. His clinical course was further complicated by the unavailability of TIG, severe autonomic dysfunction, and respiratory compromise requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation and intensive care support. This case is consistent with global patterns, in which unvaccinated adult males with neglected wounds are disproportionately affected, while delayed diagnosis and limited access to immunoglobulin contribute to poorer outcomes. Although intensive care management may help control complications, prolonged recovery with persistent functional impairment is common in the absence of definitive toxin neutralization. This case underscores the need for strengthened tetanus booster vaccination programs, increased clinical awareness of atypical presentations, and resource-sensitive healthcare policies to ensure timely availability of TIG in emergency settings.

PMID 42465195
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS2026-07-17

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Efgartigimod PH20 in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy: ADHERE/ADHERE+ Trial Interim Analysis.

Allen Jeffrey A JA, Istas Geoffrey G, Kuwabara Satoshi S, Mole Trevor T et al.

In ADHERE, subcutaneous efgartigimod PH20 (1000 mg once weekly) was effective and well tolerated in participants with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). ADHERE+ is an open-label extension of ADHERE assessing long-term safety and efficacy. Eligible participants from ADHERE run-in period (prior CIDP treatments discontinued), stage A (open-label efgartigimod), and stage B (stage A responders randomized to placebo or efgartigimod) could roll over to ADHERE+ and receive efgartigimod. The primary outcome was to assess long-term safety and tolerability. Efficacy outcomes evaluated adjusted Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (aINCAT) score, Inflammatory Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale (I-RODS) score, and mean grip strength (GS) from ADHERE run-in baseline through ADHERE+ week 36. At interim data cut-off (February 16, 2024), 228/229 eligible participants advanced to ADHERE+. Prolonged efgartigimod exposure did not increase the incidence (n = 171/228 [75.0%]) or severity of TEAEs (grade ≥ 3 TEAEs, n = 41/228 [18.0%]); regardless of immunoglobulin G level, there was a low incidence of infections. Stage A responders reported long-term clinically meaningful improvements in mean aINCAT (decreased by 1.2 points), I-RODS centile metric (increase of 8.8 points), and GS scores (increase of 17.5 kPa) from run-in baseline to ADHERE+ week 36, irrespective of stage B treatment. Interim results from ADHERE+ indicate long-term efgartigimod PH20 treatment in participants with CIDP was well tolerated (maximum exposure = 187.3 weeks; mean (SD) treatment duration = 58.0 [33.8] weeks). Clinically meaningful improvements in disability and strength were observed across assessments, regardless of stage B treatment or prior treatment status, with greater improvements seen over time.

PMID 42463457
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about immunoglobulin G