Drug Database
HE

hepatitis-A/typhoid vaccine (Hepatyrix)

✓ Approved

GSK · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is hepatitis-A/typhoid vaccine?

hepatitis-A/typhoid vaccine is a vaccine developed by GSK. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesHepatyrix
CompanyGSK
Drug ClassVaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, GSK

Therapeutic Indications

hepatitis-A/typhoid vaccine is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsTyphoid fever✓ Approved
Surgical and medical proceduresAntiviral prophylaxis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Immune Profiles Elicited by Different HBV Vaccine Modalities and Their Associations with Serological and Intrahepatic Viral Outcomes.

Xiao Huiying H, He Jinhang J, Zhu Lili L, Wang Songmei S et al.

Therapeutic vaccination for chronic hepatitis B aims to restore HBV-specific T-cell immunity and contribute to a functional cure. We systematically compared the immune profiles and antiviral efficacy of four vaccine modalities: recombinant HBsAg (rHBsAg), antigen-antibody immune complex (IC), a DNA vaccine encoding HBsAg (DNA-HBsAg), and an HBsAg-Fc fusion DNA vaccine (DNA-HBsAg-Fc). In naïve mice, the rHBsAg vaccine predominantly induced anti-HBs IgG responses, whereas the IC vaccine elicited strong anti-HBs IgG and detectable CD4+ T-cell responses. In contrast, DNA vaccines preferentially induced HBsAg-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity, which was further enhanced by fusion to the Fc fragment of human IgG1. In the pre-immunization/AAV-HBV model, high anti-HBs titers in rHBsAg and IC groups were associated with rapid clearance of circulating HBsAg but not with comparable reductions in HBcAg+ hepatocytes, whereas stronger HBsAg-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the DNA vaccine groups were associated with greater reductions in HBcAg+ hepatocytes. However, in the therapeutic AAV-HBV model, all vaccine monotherapies showed limited and non-sustained antiviral efficacy, with only transient reductions in serum HBsAg and limited reductions in HBcAg+ hepatocytes. These findings highlight the distinct immune profiles of different vaccine platforms and an association between stronger HBsAg-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and reduced intrahepatic HBcAg expression, while underscoring the limited efficacy of vaccine monotherapy in the AAV-HBV model.

PMID 42883747
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of clinical medicine2026-10-16

Associations of Total, Leisure, Occupational, and Commuting Sedentary Behavior with Overweight/Obesity Among Adults in Saudi Arabia.

Alansare Abdullah Bandar AB

Objectives: To examine the associations of total, leisure, occupational, and commuting sedentary behavior (SB) with overweight/obesity among adults in Saudi Arabia and explore whether these associations differ by SB patterns (weekdays vs. weekends) and sex (men vs. women). Methods: This secondary analysis of a web-based, cross-sectional survey included 948 adults living in Saudi Arabia (mean age 29.7 years; 52.1% women; 55.4% with overweight/obesity). Total and domain-specific SB were estimated using the Arabic version of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire. Overweight/obesity was assessed using body mass index calculated from self-reported height and weight. Adjusted logistic regression models examined the associations of total and domain-specific SB with the odds of overweight/obesity, with analyses conducted across the week and separately for week-days and weekends and stratified by sex. Results: Higher total and leisure SB across the week and on weekdays were associated with 3.9% to 12.3% higher odds of overweight/obesity, particularly among men (p < 0.05 for all). However, occupational and commuting SB were not associated with the odds of overweight/obesity (p > 0.05 for all). Associations were not statistically significant among women (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential importance of considering the domain and temporal pattern of SB, as well as sex, when examining its associations with overweight/obesity among adults in Saudi Arabia. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to establish temporal and causal relationships between the domains of SB and overweight/obesity in this population.

PMID 42882131
Read full article →
PubMedThe Medical journal of Australia2026-10-16

Decolonising Indigenous Health Research Requires Redefining Sex, Sexuality and Gender.

Liddelow-Hunt Shakara S, H L Hill James J, Daglas Kate K, Clancy Kaiwarr K et al.

LGBTQA+SB (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, asexual, Sistergirl and Brotherboy) participants are rarely identified in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research data, resulting in persistent gaps in the literature. In this article, we briefly explore the implications of LGBTQA+SB erasure in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research for decolonisation, policy and practice. We outline approaches to collecting quantitative data, examples of Indigenous research that did identify LGBTQA+SB participants and potential challenges for data collection. Ultimately, we argue that decolonisation requires re-thinking how we define sex, sexuality and gender, unsettling Western biomedical norms that are pervasive in health research.

PMID 42885875
Read full article →
PubMedNutrients2026-10-16

The Effects of Combined Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Exercise Performance, Physiological Responses, and Gastrointestinal Tolerability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Chen Xiang X, Tu Wenhui W, Wang Jun J

Background: Caffeine and sodium bicarbonate can individually enhance exercise performance, but whether their combined use provides additional benefits and how it affects physiological responses and gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability remain unclear. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of combined caffeine and sodium bicarbonate (CAF + SB) supplementation on exercise performance, physiological responses, and GI tolerability, and to determine whether it provides additional benefits compared with placebo or either supplement alone. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched from inception to 18 July 2026. Continuous outcomes were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as mean differences (MDs) or ratios of means (RoMs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), as appropriate. Within-participant correlations in crossover trials were accounted for, and robustness was examined using leave-one-out analyses and alternative correlation coefficients. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and GI symptoms were synthesized narratively. Results: Thirteen crossover trials were included. Compared with placebo, CAF + SB supplementation increased mean power (MD = 8.43 W, 95% CI = 1.85 to 15.00, p = 0.012) and reduced time-trial completion time (RoM = 0.984, 95% CI = 0.970 to 0.998, p = 0.022), corresponding to an estimated reduction of 1.6%. However, both findings were sensitive to the exclusion of individual studies in leave-one-out analyses, indicating limited robustness. CAF + SB did not significantly improve mean power compared with caffeine or sodium bicarbonate alone. Compared with placebo, CAF + SB increased blood HCO3- and post-exercise lactate concentrations, although the HCO3- evidence was limited by heterogeneity or few studies. Narrative findings showed no consistent effect on RPE or GI tolerability. Conclusions: CAF + SB supplementation may produce modest improvements in selected exercise-performance outcomes compared with placebo, but these findings are not robust because their statistical significance depends on individual studies. Current evidence does not establish an additional performance benefit over caffeine or sodium bicarbonate alone. The observed physiological responses do not, by themselves, demonstrate superior performance, and the gastrointestinal tolerability of CAF + SB remains uncertain.

PMID 42884622
Read full article →
PubMedBritish journal of health psychology2026-10-16

(Un)aware of change? Objective and subjective reactivity to the sensor-based measurement of physical activity and sedentary behaviour.

Ruf Alea A, Gruber Judith R JR, Ebner-Priemer Ulrich W UW, Reif Andreas A et al.

Despite being the gold standard for assessing physical activity (PA) under free-living conditions, accelerometer-based assessments are prone to measurement reactivity, that is, changes in people's cognitions, emotions or behaviour due to being measured. Little is known about whether participants are aware of these changes. This preregistered secondary analysis assesses objective and subjective reactivity to the sensor-based measurement of PA (steps, light PA [LPA], moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in adults with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and insulin resistance. Intensive longitudinal design. Two existing datasets were used, comprising 354 adults (64% female; Mage = 35.63, SDage = 13.98; MBMI = 26.27, SDBMI = 5.85) who wore an accelerometer for 7 days and self-reported whether they changed their PA due to the activity tracker (i.e. subjective measurement reactivity). Objective measurement reactivity was defined as decreases in PA and increases in SB. Multilevel models found small, but significant decreases of PA over the study period and from the first study day(s) to the remaining study days. Yet, over 90% of participants indicated to have (rather) not changed their PA. SB did not systematically change. Subjective measurement reactivity and clinical diagnoses were not related to measurement reactivity. Steps, LPA and MVPA, but not SB, systematically changed in line with common definitions of measurement reactivity. Yet, most participants were unaware of these changes, potentially because changes were small. Measurement reactivity may be predominantly driven by unconscious mechanisms and appears universal, with no differences found by diagnoses.

PMID 42885657
Read full article →
PubMedExperimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation2026-10-16

Hepatitis B Virus Recurrence After Liver Transplant for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Liver Disease: A Retrospective Analysis of Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin Discontinuation.

Aktuna Hakan H, Daniş Nilay N, Döngelli Hüseyin H, Bacakoğlu Aylin A et al.

Hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplant remains a clinically relevant issue, but the optimal duration and safety of hepatitis B immunoglobulin therapy, particularly its discontinuation, remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the incidence and risk factors of posttransplant hepatitis B virus recurrence and assessed outcomes following elective discontinuation of hepatitis B immunoglobulin in a real-world cohort. We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study of consecutive adult patients who underwent liver transplant for hepatitis B virus-related liver disease between 1997 and 2023. Hepatitis B virus recurrence was defined as the reappearance of hepatitis B surface antigen and/or detectable hepatitis B virus DNA. We used Cox proportional hazards models to identify factors associated with recurrence and overall survival. We conducted a predefined subgroup analysis to evaluate patients who underwent elective discontinuation of hepatitis B immunoglobulin during antiviral therapy. Among 254 liver transplant recipients, 39 (15.4% ) developed posttransplant hepatitis B virus recurrence. In multivariable analysis, pretransplant hepatitis B virus DNA levels >5 log10 copies/mL (hazard ratio 3.68; 95% CI, 1.82-7.46) and hepato-cellular carcinoma at transplant (hazard ratio 2.38; 95% CI, 1.22-4.65) were independently associated with recurrence, whereas hepatitis D virus coinfection was inversely associated (hazard ratio 0.18; 95% CI, 0.08-0.43). Elective hepatitis B immunoglobulin discontinuation was not associated with increased hepatitis B virus recurrence and was primarily performed in clinically selected low-risk patients. Posttransplant hepatitis B virus recurrence was associated with reduced overall survival. In this long-term, real-world cohort, posttransplant hepatitis B virus recurrence was mainly driven by the pretransplant viral burden and oncological factors. Elective hepatitis B immunoglobulin discontinuation in carefully selected patients was not associated with increased recurrence, likely reflecting the underlying risk stratification rather than a causal protective effect. These findings support the use of individualized risk-based hepatitis B immunoglobulin strategies after liver transplant.

PMID 42885707
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about hepatitis-A/typhoid vaccine