Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. · Small Molecule · Small Molecule
nitroglycerin is a small molecule developed by Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical or transdermal.
| Brand Names | nitroglycerin, Alza, Nitroderm, Nitroderm TTS |
| Company | Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. |
| Drug Class | Small Molecule |
| Route | Topical, Transdermal |
| Status | Approved |
nitroglycerin is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.
| Therapeutic Area | Condition | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiac disorders | Angina pectoris | ✓ Approved |
Casili Giovanna G, Lanza Marika M, Filippone Alessia A, Campolo Michela M et al.
Wang Senhu S, Zhou Jia J, He Saiying S, Liu Hao H et al.
Radial artery dimensions before and after intra-arterial vasodilator administration remain incompletely characterized along the vessel. This study used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess paired changes in mean lumen diameter. Twelve patients underwent baseline OCT 5 min after limited sheath insertion and post-administration OCT after intra-arterial nitroglycerin and verapamil, before coronary angiography. The full OCT-imaged radial artery span was divided into equal proximal, middle, and distal thirds before selecting anatomically matched analyzable portions. Analysis included 1,482 matched cross-sectional pairs (2,964 frames), with a cumulative matched analyzable length of 1,404.4 mm. Measurements at matched 1-mm intervals were aggregated within patients. Mean lumen diameter was the representative lumen metric; area and volume were supportive measurements. Mean lumen diameter increased from 3.06 ± 0.49 to 3.35 ± 0.56 mm (mean paired change, 0.29 mm; 95% CI, 0.20-0.39; P < 0.001). The mean patient-level relative increase was 9.6%. Mean increases were observed in all three thirds in exploratory analyses. Mean radial artery lumen diameter was greater after intra-arterial nitroglycerin and verapamil than at baseline. https://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.html?id=270,922&v=1.1, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) ChiCTR2500097574.
Wei Shijie S, Cui Huafeng H, Wang Zhe Z, Jiang Guoliang G et al.
Acupuncture is widely used as a therapeutic approach for migraine; however, its underlying anti-migraine mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of acupuncture on migraine and identify potential molecular mechanisms using integrated multi-omics analyses. 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to control, model, sham-acupuncture, and acupuncture groups (n = 8 per group). The model was established by repeated nitroglycerin (NTG) administration. The effects of acupuncture were evaluated by assessing periorbital and hind paw withdrawal thresholds. Serum samples were subsequently analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics and proteomics. The mRNA levels of key targets in serum were further quantified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Differential metabolites and proteins were identified and subjected to Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, correlation, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. Acupuncture alleviated the reduction in periorbital and hind paw withdrawal thresholds in NTG-induced migraine model rats. Integrated metabolomic and proteomic analyses identified differential metabolites and proteins associated with the therapeutic effects of acupuncture. Ten candidate hub proteins were ultimately identified. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these candidate hub proteins were closely related to immune defense, inflammatory responses, cholesterol metabolism and clearance, and may also be involved in energy metabolism and hormonal regulation. GO analysis further showed that acupuncture primarily modulated biological processes related to lipoprotein metabolism, transport, and clearance. Acupuncture improved migraine-like mechanical hypersensitivity in NTG-induced rats and was accompanied by changes in serum proteins and metabolites. Lipid/lipoprotein metabolism and complement-related pathways emerged as candidate pathways associated with the response. These exploratory findings do not establish molecular mediation or a direct effect on vascular function and require confirmation by targeted functional studies.
Liu Fuqiang F, Lv Ying Y, Wang Ting T, Li Chune C et al.
Dietary strategies play a pivotal role in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. Animal studies have shown that Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT), a popular post-fermented tea, enhances cardiometabolic health by modulating the gut microbiota; however, there is no definitive evidence from human trials. This 12-week randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of FBT on the lipid profile, vascular function, and gut microbiota in healthy adults. This 12-week, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a rural community in northern China from September to November 2021. After giving informed consent, 120 healthy adults recruited were randomly assigned to either a group consuming two daily glasses of brewed FBT infusion (totaling 12 g/day) or a group consuming an equivalent amount of water. Serum lipid levels and vascular function, as indicated by flow-mediated dilation and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation, were measured at baseline (0 weeks) and 12 weeks after intervention. Fecal samples collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks underwent profiling of microbiota composition by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. This trial was completed and registered at chictr.org.cn (registration number ChiCTR2100047294). Compared to water, consumption of FBT resulted in significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, with improved vascular function (the co-primary outcomes). The longitudinal metagenomic analysis detected no significant alterations in richness and distribution (alpha diversity). However, a subtle but statistically detectable shift in the gut microbiota composition (beta diversity) was observed. Exploratory species-level analyses suggested increases in bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids, such as Roseburia hominis, Eubacterium saphenum, Eubacterium sp. AF15 50, Alistipes dispar, Blautia stercoris, and Lactobacillus amylolyticus, which were correlated with the lipid profile or vascular function. Daily consumption of FBT demonstrated beneficial effects on lipid levels and vascular function in healthy adults, and was associated with exploratory shifts in gut microbiota composition, supporting FBT consumption is a simple, affordable, and practical dietary strategy for improving cardiometabolic health. http://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2100047294.
Bhaskararayuni Jyothiswaroop J, Kumar Akshay A, Gopinath Bharath B, Mathew Roshan R et al.
Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema (SCAPE) is a life-threatening form of acute heart failure requiring immediate management with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and vasodilator therapy. Although nitroglycerin (NTG) is commonly used, optimal dosing remains uncertain. Emerging evidence suggests high-dose NTG may provide rapid clinical improvement. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of high-dose intravenous NTG in patients presenting with SCAPE to the emergency department (ED). We conducted a prospective observational study in a high-volume, busy ED, enrolling adults (>18 years) meeting established diagnostic criteria for SCAPE who received an initial intravenous NTG bolus ≥400 μg. Patients with acute coronary syndrome, trauma, recent phosphodiesterase V inhibitor use, or significant aortic stenosis were excluded. Clinical status and outcomes were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 h, and at ED disposition. The primary objective was clinical outcomes (symptom resolution, need for intubation, and ED disposition) of SCAPE patients. Sixty-one patients were included. The mean NTG bolus dose was 830 μg. One patient (1.6%) developed hypotension requiring fluids and brief inotropic support. Headache occurred in five patients (8.2%). Symptom resolution was observed in 10 patients (16%) at 3 h, 32 (52.5%) at 6 h, and 55 (90%) at 12 h. Five patients (8.2%) required intubation. Overall, 41 patients (67.2%) were discharged directly from the ED. The mean ED length of stay was 14 h. High-dose intravenous NTG may improve clinical outcomes in the acute management of SCAPE, with rapid symptom resolution and reduced need for intubation. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to standardise dosing protocols.
Zhao Xiaoyue X, Liu Yaoyuan Y, Yang Liying L, Chen Zeqi Z et al.
To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills (CDP) in the treatment of stable angina pectoris (SAP) and provide updated evidence regarding its clinical application. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, and SinoMed, from inception to 31 May 2026. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CDP plus conventional therapy (CT) with CT alone or CT plus nitrates in patients with SAP were included. Primary outcomes included angina efficacy, electrocardiogram (ECG) efficacy, angina frequency, angina duration, and nitroglycerin consumption. Secondary outcomes included lipid profile, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and fibrinogen (FIB), while adverse events were assessed as safety outcomes. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 18.0, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE framework. A total of 93 RCTs involving 10,208 participants were included. Compared with CT alone, adjunctive CDP was associated with improvements in angina efficacy (RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.19-1.33), ECG efficacy (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.19-1.51), reduced angina frequency (SMD = -1.32, 95% CI: -1.79 to -0.84) and duration (SMD = -2.51, 95% CI: -3.58 to -1.45), and increased LVEF (SMD = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.24-2.37). Compared with nitrates plus CT, CDP plus CT also demonstrated comparable or superior improvements in angina efficacy (RR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.08-1.15), ECG efficacy (RR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.30-1.40), angina frequency, lipid profile, FIB, and several functional outcomes. CDP was generally well tolerated, with no increased risk of adverse events compared with CT alone and a lower incidence than nitrate-based therapy. However, the certainty of evidence ranged from moderate to very low, mainly due to methodological limitations and inconsistency among included studies. Current evidence suggests that CDP-containing regimens may improve symptomatic and functional outcomes in patients with SAP compared with CT alone or nitrate-containing regimens; however, the certainty of evidence remains limited, and well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm these findings. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/myprospero, Identifier CRD420261416404.
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