Drug Database
CI

cilostazol + ginko biloba extract (Rinexin / SID142 / SID 142)

✓ Approved

SK Chemicals · therapeutic agent

What is cilostazol + ginko biloba extract?

cilostazol + ginko biloba extract is a therapeutic agent developed by SK Chemicals. It is approved for therapeutic indications via unknown.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesRinexin, SID142, SID 142
CompanySK Chemicals
RouteUnknown
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, SK Chemicals

Therapeutic Indications

cilostazol + ginko biloba extract is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Vascular disordersPeripheral vascular disorder✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedBiology2026-10-16

Genome-Wide Characterization of Phosphate Transporters Reveals Differential Regulation of Growth and Medicinal Metabolite Accumulation Under Phosphorus Deficiency in Ginkgo biloba.

Chen Yadi Y, Zhang Chi C, Cheng Fangmei F, Xu Qingtao Q et al.

Ginkgo biloba L. (G. biloba) is an important medicinal tree species rich in bioactive flavonoids and terpene lactones. Phosphate transporters (PHTs) play essential roles in phosphate uptake, transport, and homeostasis; however, their characteristics and functions in G. biloba remain unclear. In this study, 21 non-redundant GbPHT genes were identified from the G. biloba genome and classified into five subfamilies, including PHT1, PHT2, PHT3, PHT4, and PHO, containing five, one, four, six, and five members, respectively. Promoter analysis revealed abundant cis-elements associated with light, hormone, and stress responses, suggesting complex regulatory patterns of GbPHT genes. To investigate the effects of phosphorus availability on growth and medicinal metabolites, G. biloba seedlings were subjected to normal phosphorus and phosphorus deficiency treatments. Phosphorus deficiency significantly inhibited root development, biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic performance. However, phosphorus deficiency markedly enhanced flavonoid accumulation in leaves and terpene lactone accumulation in roots, accompanied by increased expression of key structural genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, transient overexpression of GbPHT1-1 in G. biloba leaves promoted flavonoid accumulation and upregulated flavonoid biosynthetic genes. Collectively, this study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the G. biloba PHT family and reveals that phosphorus deficiency coordinates growth restriction with enhanced medicinal secondary metabolite accumulation. These findings provide new insights into phosphorus adaptation and nutrient regulation of medicinal quality in G. biloba.

PMID 42883349
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Organ-Specific Phenolic Specialization and Antioxidant Responses in Crocus cancellatus: LC-MS/MS and Multivariate Analysis.

Selvi Bedrettin B

Organ-specific allocation of phenolic metabolites may shape antioxidant responses in Crocus species. This study characterized stamen, pistil, tepal, perigon tube, and corm of Crocus cancellatus Herb. using ultrasound-assisted methanolic extraction, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with 30 authentic standards, six antioxidant assays, a relative antioxidant capacity index, Pearson correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. Twenty phenolic compounds were quantified. Hesperidin predominated in all organs and was highest in the tepal (17,660 ± 60 μg/g extract), approximately 43-fold above the corm. The pistil contained the highest 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (331 ± 1 μg/g extract) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (341 ± 2 μg/g extract), whereas the corm was enriched in pinoresinol (60.1 ± 0.8 μg/g extract) and uniquely contained vanillin (16.0 ± 0.6 μg/g extract). The tepal showed the highest total flavonoid content (81.50 ± 0.40 mg RE/g extract), while the stamen had the highest total phenolic content (12.63 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g extract). The corm showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 = 3.96 mg/mL), whereas the pistil led in ABTS and FRAP responses. Principal component analysis explained 64.16% of total variance and separated the five organ profiles. These findings demonstrate organ-specific phenolic specialization and support targeted bioactivity studies.

PMID 42884146
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Fructus Sophorae Extract Generated Using the Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent ChCl Urea Activates Wnt/β Catenin and cAMP/MITF Signaling to Stimulate Hair Growth and Pigmentation.

Yuen Gary Ka-Wing GK, Li Yinzhi Y, Dong Tina Ting-Xia TT, Tsim Karl Wah-Keung KW

Androgenetic alopecia remains challenging to treat, with limited FDA-approved therapies. Natural products, such as the fruit of Sophora japonica L. (Fructus Sophorae), could be alternatives. This study developed a green extraction method using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) coupled with ultrasonic assistance to recover active phytochemicals from Fructus Sophorae and evaluated the extract for promoting hair growth and melanogenic activities. Among ten NADES formulations, ChCl-Urea (1:2) with 40% water content, named CU-40, generated the highest yield of sophoricoside (8.79 mg/g), surpassing that of 70% ethanol by ~25%. In dermal papilla cells, this extract activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, upregulated downstream targets, such as β-catenin, AXIN2, LEF-1, ALP, and IGF-1, and induced GSK3β phosphorylation. In B16 melanoma, the extract of Fructus Sophorae stimulated cAMP signaling, enhanced MITF promoter activity, and increased melanin production. In an ex vivo mouse vibrissae hair follicle culture, the extract promoted mouse vibrissae hair follicle growth. These findings establish CU-40 as a sustainable, efficient NADES solvent for Fructus Sophorae that yields a bioactive extract promoting hair growth and pigmentation via the Wnt/β-catenin and cAMP/MITF pathways.

PMID 42884026
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PubMedNutrients2026-10-16

Hydroethanolic Montanoa bipinnatifida Leaf Extract Attenuates Acute Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Female CD-1 Mice: Associations with Lipid Peroxidation and IL-1β Expression.

Gallegos-Hernández Verónica Edith VE, García-Valdés Ehekatzin E, Gómez-Chavarín Margarita M, Silva-Lucero Maria-Del-Carmen MD et al.

Background/Objectives: Ethanol-induced gastric injury is a widely used experimental model for evaluating gastroprotective interventions because it reproduces key features of gastric mucosal damage, including oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and epithelial disruption. Previous phytochemical characterization of Montanoa bipinnatifida leaves revealed a rich profile of bioactive polyphenols with antioxidant potential. Therefore, this study investigated the gastroprotective effects of a hydroethanolic leaf extract of M. bipinnatifida in female CD-1 mice subjected to ethanol-induced gastric injury. Methods: Animals received the extract orally for seven consecutive days before administration of 50% ethanol. Gastric tissues were subsequently evaluated by macroscopic, histopathological, biochemical, and phytochemical analyses. Results: Ethanol exposure induced severe gastric damage characterized by hemorrhagic lesions, epithelial degeneration, mucosal edema, and inflammatory cell in-filtration. In contrast, pretreatment with the extract significantly reduced gastric injury, preserving tissue architecture, and attenuating histopathological alterations. Biochemical and molecular analyses revealed a marked decrease in malondialdehyde levels and IL-1β expression following extract pretreatment, whereas TNF-α expression was not significantly reduced; SOD2 and catalase protein expression showed no significant treatment-associated changes. HPLC-DAD analysis confirmed the presence of catechin and procyanidin B2 in the extract. Conclusions: Overall, these findings indicate that M. bipinnatifida leaf extract attenuates acute ethanol-induced gastric injury and that this gastroprotective response is associated with reduced lipid peroxidation and selective attenuation of IL-1β rather than generalized suppression of the inflammatory markers examined. These results support further investigation of M. bipinnatifida as a potential source of gastroprotective bioactive compounds.

PMID 42884590
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PubMedPlants (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Cydonia oblonga Mill. Whole-Fruit Extract as a Multifunctional Cosmetic Ingredient: Biocompatibility and Concentration-Dependent Effects on the Rheological and Sensory Properties of O/W Emulsions.

Adamovic Ana A, Adamovic Miljan M, Dimitrijevic Jovana J, Andjic Marijana M et al.

Background: Cydonia oblonga Mill. is a promising plant-derived ingredient for topical formulations due to its phytochemical composition and potential biological and technological properties. This study aimed to evaluate C. oblonga extract as a multifunctional cosmetic ingredient and investigate its concentration-dependent effects on the physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Materials and Methods: Aqueous and 70% ethanolic extracts were prepared by maceration and reflux extraction and evaluated for phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity. The selected extract was assessed for in vitro biocompatibility and antibacterial activity and incorporated at increasing concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) into O/W emulsion creams prepared by a conventional hot emulsification method, involving separate heating of the oil and aqueous phases, followed by their combination under mechanical stirring and subsequent addition of the extract during cooling. The formulations were evaluated for pH, steady-shear, oscillatory and thixotropic rheological properties, and sensory characteristics. Results: Ethanolic reflux extraction yielded the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the strongest DPPH radical-scavenging activity, with chlorogenic acid identified as the predominant phenolic compound. The extract maintained cell viability above 70% in HaCaT keratinocytes and MRC-5 fibroblasts and showed concentration-dependent antibacterial activity. Increasing extract concentration lowered formulation pH and increased structural strength and resistance to deformation, while all formulations retained shear-thinning behavior. Sensory evaluation revealed significant differences in thickness, stickiness, and spreadability. Conclusions: C. oblonga extract demonstrated favorable biocompatibility and multifunctional technological potential for the development of topical semisolid formulations.

PMID 42884823
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PubMedPolymers2026-10-16

Development of Dual Enzymatic-Ionic Crosslinked Alginate-Gelatin Films Enriched with Pelargonium sidoides Extract for Active Packaging and Anthocyanin Preservation in Flame Seedless Grapes.

Dobrucka Renata R, Szymański Marcin M

Active biodegradable packaging materials capable of preserving fruit quality and reducing oxidative processes are promising alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics. In this study, alginate-gelatin composite films were developed using a dual crosslinking strategy combining microbial transglutaminase-mediated enzymatic crosslinking with Ca2+-induced ionic gelation. The films were then enriched with Pelargonium sidoides root extract as a natural antioxidant. The combined crosslinking approach resulted in a more compact protein-polysaccharide network, which was reflected in increased film density and reduced swelling. The highest density was observed for film 1.0F (ρ = 1.2004 ± 0.0151 g/cm3), while films containing Ca2+ showed lower swelling values, with SI60 decreasing from 7655 ± 70 for 0F to 5853 ± 49 for 0Ca2+F. The addition of the extract promoted additional interactions within the polymer matrix and affected the swelling and barrier properties of the films. The WVTR values were 36.1 ± 0.9 g/m2·24 h for 1.0F and 49.8 ± 1.5 g/m2·24 h for 1.0Ca2+F. The incorporation of P. sidoides extract also significantly increased the antioxidant activity of the films, particularly at higher extract concentrations. Furthermore, films containing Ca2+ and the extract contributed to the preservation of anthocyanins in Flame Seedless grapes during 14 days of storage, with the anthocyanin content reaching 0.208% ± 0.019 for the 1.0Ca2+F treatment. Overall, the results indicate that dual-crosslinked alginate-gelatin films enriched with P. sidoides extract have favorable physicochemical and functional properties and may be suitable for the development of sustainable active packaging materials for anthocyanin-rich fruits.

PMID 42884987
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