Drug Database
TR

trospium chloride (Retardkapseln / Urivesc / Sanctura XR)

✓ Approved

Shire · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is trospium chloride?

trospium chloride is a small molecule developed by Shire. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesRetardkapseln, Urivesc, Sanctura XR
CompanyShire
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Shire

Therapeutic Indications

trospium chloride is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Renal and urinary disordersHypertonic bladder✓ Approved

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PubMedSoft matter2026-08-30

Study of the interaction of a poloxamer with short and long alkyl chain imidazolium ionic liquids.

Heller William T WT, Shang Yingrui Y, Do Changwoo C, Cao Zhiqiang Z

The ethylene oxide (EO)/propylene oxide (PO) triblock copolymers (EO)m-(PO)n-(EO)m, also known as poloxamers, self-assemble in aqueous solution due to the differences in hydrophobicity between EO and PO. Both the overall length of the blocks and their relative lengths in the copolymer impact self-assembly. Even though poloxamers lack charge, they respond to the presence of salts, including ionic liquids (ILs). Here, the response of poloxamer 188 to 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorides having long and short alkyl chains was studied by small-angle neutron scattering. The dilute state of both the polymer and ILs was studied, with the IL concentrations being below published critical micelle concentrations. The goal was to probe initial stages of self-assembly. The results demonstrate a clear interaction between the long chain imidazolium chloride and the poloxamer that is surfactant-like, which is not observed for the short alkyl chain salt.

PMID 42669406
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PubMedCureus2026-08-30

Automatic Frequent Measurements of Plasma Sodium, Potassium, Total Carbon Dioxide, Urea Nitrogen, and Other Values During Hemodialysis.

Lew Susie Q SQ, Ing Todd S TS, Sam Ramin R, Pham Susie N SN et al.

Customizing acute and chronic hemodialysis treatments by tailoring the prescription can occur by knowing the patient's electrolyte and acid-base status at any given moment. Point-of-care (POC) testing using whole blood samples can provide laboratory results of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and lactate. The impact of dialysis on these values will impact patient outcomes and quality of life. Besides knowing the laboratory results, one can calculate the anion gap and osmolar gap to treat patients with disorders such as diabetic ketoacidosis and alcohol poisoning, respectively. We describe a new technology for obtaining blood samples from the hemodialysis arterial line and using a POC device installed in the dialysis machine to perform electrolyte and blood gas measurements, and inform the clinician promptly of possible prescription adjustments to meet the needs of the patient requiring acute or chronic hemodialysis. Besides the obvious benefits, we highlight some pitfalls associated with using whole blood versus serum samples, and arterial versus venous blood samples.

PMID 42669024
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PubMedClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2026-08-30

Sanguinarine chloride exerts its antitumor effects on enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting senescence via targeting AR signaling.

Tao Yan Y, Li Lanlan L, Xu Na N, Yang Haiyu H et al.

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of cancer-associated morbidity among men globally. Although enzalutamide (ENZ), a second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, serves as a mainstay therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), therapeutic resistance inevitably emerges. This underscores an urgent demand for innovative treatment strategies. CCK-8, colony formation, EdU staining, flow cytometry, Hoechst 33,258 staining, western blotting, proteomics analysis, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining were performed to reveal the role and underlying mechanisms of S.C in ENZ-resistant prostate cancer. Target prediction, molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) were used to identify the target of S.C. Finally, the impact of S.C in vivo was evaluated using ENZ-resistant xenograft models. Our results showed that S.C effectively suppresses cell viability in ENZ-resistant models through the dual induction of apoptosis and cellular senescence. Database mining, molecular docking, and CETSA identified AR as a putative target of S.C, which was subsequently validated in vivo. S.C treatment significantly inhibited the AR signaling pathway and suppressed tumor growth in ENZ-resistant xenograft models. To our knowledge, this study demonstrates that S.C could be a promising multi-mechanistic agent which can overcome ENZ resistance by targeting AR and inducing two distinct cell death pathways, offering a potential novel therapeutic strategy for CRPC.

PMID 42669084
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PubMedJournal of materials chemistry. B2026-08-30

Design of Fenton reaction-based poly(γ-glutamic acid)-grafted tyramine hydrogels with intrinsic photothermal properties.

Muppuri Supritha S, Hsu Yu-I YI, Uyama Hiroshi H

Temperature regulates biochemical reactions, and controlled hyperthermia has been widely investigated for therapeutic applications. However, conventional hyperthermia is limited by non-specific heat distribution, which can damage surrounding healthy tissues. Photothermal therapy (PTT) enables localized heat generation under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, although most reported PTT systems involve exogenous nanomaterials that require complex synthesis, surface functionalization, or integration with carrier systems to improve dispersion and retention at the target site. These modifications increase material complexity and may introduce toxicity concerns. Herein, poly(γ-glutamic acid)-tyramine (PGA-Tyr) hydrogels were prepared via Fenton reaction-mediated crosslinking, in which dityramine bonds formed the hydrogel network and in situ-generated ferric ions facilitated NIR-to-thermal energy conversion. The effects of iron(II) chloride (FeCl2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the degree of substitution (DS) of PGA-Tyr on gelation kinetics, mechanical properties, swelling behavior, and pore structure were systematically investigated. Ferric ion-containing hydrogels demonstrated efficient photothermal conversion, and the temperature increased to approximately 52.5-53.1 °C under NIR irradiation. Futhermore, optimization of the hydrogel formulation increased the photothermal conversion efficiency from ∼16% to 36.52%, with stable performance over repeated irradiation cycles. Hydrogel network density and ferric ion content regulated light penetration and heat retention, thereby enabling efficient thermal regulation. Increasing the network density improved hydrogel stability, whereas enzymatic treatment accelerated degradation. Overall, Fenton-mediated PGA-Tyr hydrogels exhibit tunable mechanical, swelling, and photothermal properties and provide a material platform for further biological evaluation in photothermal biomedical applications.

PMID 42669215
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PubMedBiochemical pharmacology2026-08-29

Mammalian nitrate transport: emerging roles of sialin, chloride channels, aquaporin-6, and the sodium-iodide symporter.

Ghasemi Asghar A, Jeddi Sajad S, Kashfi Khosrow K

Nitrate (NO3-) has emerged as an important physiological reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) and as a nutritional strategy for enhancing NO bioavailability through the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Despite increasing recognition of the biological and therapeutic significance of nitrate, the mechanisms governing its transport across mammalian cell membranes remain incompletely understood. As a charged anion, NO3- cannot freely diffuse across lipid bilayers and therefore requires membrane transport proteins to mediate its cellular uptake, distribution, and storage. This review critically examines the current evidence for membrane proteins implicated in mammalian nitrate transport, including solute carriers (sialin and the sodium-iodide symporter, NIS), chloride transport proteins, and aquaporin-6 (AQP6). We discuss their structural and functional properties, tissue distribution, transport mechanisms, and emerging physiological roles in nitrate homeostasis. Recent evidence indicates that nitrate not only serves as a substrate for these transport systems but also regulates their expression and function, including the proteolytic cleavage of plasma membrane sialin to generate sialin2, an intracellular nitrate sensor that activates metabolic signaling pathways. Collectively, current evidence suggests that mammalian nitrate transport is mediated by multiple, mechanistically distinct membrane proteins that function cooperatively to maintain nitrate homeostasis and nitric oxide bioavailability. A better understanding of these transport mechanisms may facilitate the optimization of dietary nitrate interventions and the development of nitrate-based therapeutic strategies.

PMID 42667967
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PubMedEnvironmental science and pollution research international2026-08-29

The effect of the cooling process of ferrochrome slag waste on its performance as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material.

Wazwaz Alaa Aref Ahmed AAA, Sohel Kazi Md Abu KMA, Al-Jabri Khalifa K, El-Gamal Sherif S

This study presents a comprehensive experimental research study to investigate the feasibility of utilizing mechanically activated ferrochrome slag (FCS) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for manufacturing eco-friendly mortar, aiming to address the pressing need to reduce the energy-intensive production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Two types of slag, air-cooled (AC-FCS) and water-cooled (WC-FCS), were used to partially replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at substitution levels of 5% to 35% (in 5% increments) to determine the effect of the cooling process of FCS on the mortar performance. The examination includes key parameters such as flowability, fresh and hardened density, porosity, compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), microstructural study of the blended mortar, rapid chloride permeability and mechanical performance at elevated temperatures. Chemical composition, crystallinity and amorphousness of the FCS samples were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests. The research is filling the gap of comparative evaluation of mechanically activated AC-FCS and WC-FCS as supplementary cementitious materials in the cement mortar. The analysis confirmed that FCS exhibits pozzolanic characteristics similar to Class F fly ash. Mortars containing up to 15% WC-FCS had comparable or higher 28-day compressive strength than the control mix. The optimum performance was observed at 10% WC-FCS, where compressive strength rose by 16% along with better chloride resistance and thermal performance. The findings highlight WC-FCS as an effective SCM, fostering circular economy goals in the construction sector.

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