Drug Database
LH

LH + FSH (Menopur / LH + FSH, Ferring / Meropur)

✓ Approved

Ferring · FSHR

What is LH + FSH?

LH + FSH is a therapeutic agent developed by Ferring. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesMenopur, LH + FSH, Ferring, Meropur
CompanyFerring
Molecular TargetFSHR, LHCGR
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection, Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Ferring

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

LH + FSH acts on 2 molecular targets:

FSHRfollicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHRO, ODG1)
LHCGRluteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (ULG5, LH/CGR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

LH + FSH is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Reproductive system and breast disordersInfertility female✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of clinical medicine2026-10-16

The Use of the Drospirenone 4 mg-Only Pill in Overweight and Obese Women with Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Hofer Klara K, Ebner Selina S, Marculescu Rodrig R, Boegl Magdalena M et al.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome is frequently associated with hyperandrogenemia-related hirsutism, which creates notable cosmetic concerns for many affected women. Although multiple antiandrogenic treatments exist, many patients remain dissatisfied, and combined oral contraceptives are often contraindicated due to metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. This study evaluates whether a drospirenone-only pill improves hormonal profiles and hirsutism in PMOS compared to cyclic dydrogesterone. Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed hyperandrogenemia and hirsutism using the modified Ferriman-Gallwey score in 60 overweight or obese women with PMOS who were treated at the Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Patients underwent follow-up examinations after three and six months of treatment. Thirty women chose treatment with drospirenone-only and were age-matched with 30 women receiving cyclic dydrogesterone. Results: After 3 months, women in the drospirenone group showed significant improvements, including reductions in LH (p < 0.001), FSH (p < 0.001), testosterone (p = 0.001), FAI (p < 0.001) and AMH (p = 0.005). Ferriman-Gallwey scores were significantly lower after 3 months (p < 0.001) and 6 months (p = 0.001). At follow-up, the drospirenone group exhibited lower LH (5.4 vs. 8.8 mIU/mL; p = 0.004) and lower FAI (2.9 vs. 4.0; p = 0.045) compared with controls. Among women with baseline hirsutism (FGS ≥ 8), scores decreased from 14 to 12 (p < 0.001) after 3 months and to 10 (p = 0.002) after 6 months in the drospirenone group. Conclusions: Drospirenone-only treatment resulted in a modest reduction in Ferriman-Gallwey score, with more pronounced improvements observed in women with baseline hirsutism. This was accompanied by hormonal changes, suggesting a potentially beneficial option for women with hyperandrogenic PMOS for whom combined oral contraceptives are not suitable.

PMID 42882161
Read full article →
PubMedBiology2026-10-16

Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of Pomacea canaliculata Mos Gene (PcMos): A Molecular Switch of Female Fecundity.

Gu Haotian H, Teng Haiyuan H, Zhang Tianshu T, Yuan Yongda Y

The invasive Pomacea canaliculata has emerged as a notorious pest that endangers aquatic crops, ecological services and functioning. Although well-documented as a mammalian oocyte maturation factor, the biological roles of Moloney sarcoma oncogene (Mos) in invertebrates, notably P. canaliculata, remain unfathomed. We integrated RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing alongside bioinformatic, molecular, biochemical and histological approaches to dissect fecundity-related functions and modulatory mechanisms of PcMos at the mRNA, protein and in silico levels. Characterized by the conserved protein kinase domain and motif, the PcMos protein sequence presented close phylogeny with its molluscan counterparts. Spatiotemporal expression profiling showed that mRNA and protein levels of PcMos were enriched in female adults and ovarian tissues. Efficient in vivo RNAi effects were induced as the transcription and translation of PcMos significantly declined by 78.2% and 79.0%, respectively, following a microinjection of 5 μg dsPcMos per female post 48 h. The downstream MAPK pathway, comprising MEK1, ERK1 and p90RSK1, was depressed when subjected to dsPcMos treatment, as reflected by pronounced decreases in mRNA and phosphorylated protein levels. Substantial diminution of E2/Pg/LH/FSH contents were noticed in the PcMos-RNAi group versus the dsEGFP group, suggesting fundamental implications of PcMos in endocrine regulation. In addition, the concurrent expression and high affinity between PcMos and VTG were visualized by the immunofluorescence and molecular docking, which may be associated with the diminished VTG content and expression upon PcMos silencing. Moreover, PcMos knockdown led to impaired ovarian development and reduced SP content, the number ofmature oocytes, egg production and egg-hatching rates. Taken together, our findings pointed to PcMos as a molecular switch pivotal for female fecundity, potentially acting through coordinated effects on MAPK signaling, endocrine hormone homeostasis and yolk deposition. This study may inspire the precision pest management and inform the design of RNAi-based sterility agents to suppress P. canaliculata populations.

PMID 42883447
Read full article →
PubMedBiology2026-10-16

Effects of Chronic Paroxetine Exposure and Irisin Treatment on Sexual Motivation, Reproductive Endocrine Profile, and Vaginal Histological and Immune-Inflammatory Outcomes in Adult Female Rats.

Yardimci Ahmet A, Ertugrul Tugrul T, Ulker Ertugrul Nazife N, Canpolat Sinan S

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), particularly paroxetine, are frequently associated with sexual dysfunction, yet their effects on female reproductive endocrine regulation and the local vaginal tissue environment remain incompletely characterized. Irisin is an exercise-responsive adipomyokine with reported reproductive and immunomodulatory actions, but its influence during chronic paroxetine exposure is unknown. This study evaluated the behavioral, endocrine, histological, and immune-related effects of chronic paroxetine treatment and examined whether irisin changed responses. Forty regularly cycling female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to sham control, paroxetine, irisin, or paroxetine + irisin groups (n = 10/group). Paroxetine was administered orally at 20 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks, while irisin was delivered continuously by subcutaneous mini-osmotic pumps at 100 ng/kg/day during the final 4 weeks. Sexual incentive motivation and active investigation behaviors, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), vaginal fibroblast and plasma cell numbers, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) immunoreactivity, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reactivity were evaluated. Paroxetine did not significantly affect sexual incentive motivation parameters or circulating reproductive hormone concentrations (p > 0.05), but both paroxetine-treated groups showed a lower duration of investigation directed toward the female and a higher male investigation preference ratio than the sham control (p < 0.05). Irisin alone reduced locomotor activity (p < 0.01). Paroxetine increased vaginal fibroblast counts (p = 0.0001) and NF-κB immunoreactivity (p = 0.003) compared with the sham control, whereas TLR4 immunoreactivity remained unchanged. Plasma cell counts were elevated in all treatment groups compared with the sham control (p < 0.0001). Irisin co-treatment reduced fibroblast counts relative to paroxetine group and reduced plasma cell counts relative to both single-treatment groups (all p < 0.001). Vaginal epithelial PAS reactivity was severe (+++) in sham control, weak (+) after paroxetine, and moderate (++) in both irisin-treated groups. Overall, chronic paroxetine exposure produced selective behavioral and local vaginal stromal, immune-inflammatory, and epithelial alterations without significant changes in the measured reproductive hormonal profile. Irisin influenced several vaginal tissue responses but did not change the paroxetine-associated alterations in active investigation behavior.

PMID 42883440
Read full article →
PubMedBioanalysis2026-10-16

Optimization of hemolysis index thresholds for biochemical and immunoassays.

Dupuy Anne Marie AM, Tabone Delphine D, Coulon Caroline C, Morena Marion M et al.

Our study aimed at establishing analyte-specific hemolysis-index thresholds on 18 chemistry assays to avoid re-sampling on Atellica© Solution (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Los Angeles, CA, USA). We focused on the analytes which showed the highest degree of hemolysis interference at one or two baseline concentrations for the following 18 analytes: ALT (alanine aminotransferase), ammonium, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), CK (creatine kinase), creatinine, folates, FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), GGT (γ-glutamyltransferase), Hp (haptoglobin), iron, insulin, LD (lactate dehydrogenase), lipase, potassium, urea, uric acid, vitamins B12, and D. Interference was quantified as a percentage difference from the Hb-free baseline sample. Each calculated bias was compared to the four cutoffs: 10%Δ, analytical change limit, total change limit, or reference change limit. Analytes that did not exceed the predefined allowable-bias criterion for hemolysis included creatinine, FSH, GGT, iron, urea, uric acid, and vitamin B12. Among the affected analytes, the largest positive and negative biases were observed for AST, folates, LD, and potassium. The principal quantitative optimized thresholds for the hemolysis-sensitive analytes were AST, folates, iron, potassium, and LD tests. Our study allowed us to supplement the data provided by the manufacturer and to optimize the thresholds for interference with hemolysis management of hemolyzed samples.

PMID 42885504
Read full article →
PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Effects of Ficus carica L. Leaf Extract on Ipsilateral and Contralateral Testes After Testicular Torsion/Detorsion Injury: Evaluation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis.

Yığman Zeynep Z, Akarca Dizakar Saadet Özen SÖ, Yığman Metin M, Demirel Mürşide Ayşe MA et al.

The current study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of Ficus carica leaf extract on oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic processes contributing to ischemia-reperfusion injury in bilateral testes following testicular torsion-detorsion. Forty-eight male Wistar Albino rats were assigned into six groups (n= 8): Intact, Sham, Torsion/Detorsion (T/D), T/D + 125, T/D + 250, and T/D + 500. Sixty minutes of left testicular torsion was followed by 56-day reperfusion in all T/D, T/D + 125, T/D + 250, and T/D + 500 groups, and rats in these groups were daily administered with vehicle, 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg F. carica leaf extract, respectively. Sperm, serum, and bilateral testes tissue samples were examined. Sperm count of the contralateral epididymis and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level in the T/D + 250 group were higher than in the T/D and T/D + 125 groups. FSH level in the T/D + 500 group was higher compared to the T/D, T/D + 125, and T/D + 250 groups. Total Oxidant Status (TOS) level in the ipsilateral testis of the T/D + 500 group was lower than that of the T/D, T/D + 125, and T/D + 250 groups. The Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) value in the ipsilateral testis was lower in the T/D + 500 group compared to the T/D, T/D + 125, and T/D + 250 groups. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) level in the contralateral testis of the T/D + 125, T/D + 250, and T/D + 500 groups was elevated compared to the T/D group. TOS level of the contralateral testis in the T/D + 500 group was lower than that in the T/D and T/D + 125 groups. OSI value of the contralateral testis was lower in the T/D + 125, T/D + 250, and T/D + 500 groups than that in the T/D group. TNF-α and IL-10 immunostaining intensities were improved in bilateral testes of the treatment groups compared to the T/D group. Johnsen's score of the ipsilateral testis in the T/D + 250 and T/D + 500 groups was greater compared to the T/D group. BAX and CASP3 immunostaining intensities were lower in the bilateral testes of the treatment groups than in the T/D group. BCL-2 immunostaining intensity in bilateral testes of the T/D + 250 and T/D + 500 groups was higher than in the T/D group. By exerting antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, F. carica leaf extract emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further studies may help clarify the optimal dosage, potential adverse effects, and fertility outcomes.

PMID 42883923
Read full article →
PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Tasmannioside A, a New Eudesmane Sesquiterpene Glycoside, and Antioxidant Phenolic Derivatives from Tasmannia lanceolata.

Duan Yuxuan Y, Li Wei W, Wang Feifei F, Xu Yihong Y et al.

Tasmannia lanceolata (pepperberry) is a pungent plant rich in polyphenols with considerable potential as a natural antioxidant source. In this study, a phytochemical investigation of T. lanceolata extract was performed using column chromatography over RP-C18, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20. Eight compounds were isolated, and their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR, CD, and ORD). Compound 1 was identified as a new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene glycoside, designated tasmannioside A, which exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an inhibition rate of 21.63 ± 1.57% at 0.172 mM. The known compounds comprised one organic acid, shikimic acid (2); three phenolic acids, protocatechuic acid (3), methyl chlorogenate (4), and ethyl chlorogenate (7); one flavonoid, catechin-(5,6-bc)-4α/4β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-pyranone (5); one phenylpropanoid glycoside, michehedyoside D (6); and one sesquiterpenoid, oplodiol (8). In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, compounds 2-7 demonstrated antioxidant activity, with the scavenging ratios of 0.04, 6.96, 4.57, 5.80, 1.97, and 3.15, respectively. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the catechol moiety is critical for potent radical scavenging. These findings enrich the phytochemical diversity of T. lanceolata and provide preliminary in vitro evidence supporting further investigation of its phenolic constituents as natural antioxidants. However, in vivo efficacy, bioavailability, and long-term safety remain to be established.

PMID 42883130
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about LH + FSH