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indometacin (IV) (Indocin IV)

✓ Approved

Merck & Co. · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is indometacin (IV)?

indometacin (IV) is a small molecule developed by Merck & Co.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesIndocin IV
CompanyMerck & Co.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck & Co.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

indometacin (IV) acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

indometacin (IV) is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Congenital, familial and genetic disordersPatent ductus arteriosus✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedNutrients2026-10-16

Antenatal Intravenous Iron Therapy in Anemic Pregnancies: Associations with Obstetric Patient Blood Management and Neonatal Outcomes.

Romani Eleonora E, Parisi Francesca F, Zullino Sara S, Lubrano Chiara C et al.

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity, most commonly due to iron deficiency. The effect of antenatal IV iron therapy on obstetric patient blood management (PBM) and neonatal outcomes remains uncertain. Objective: To evaluate whether antenatal IV iron therapy in pregnancy is associated with improved obstetric PBM, specifically reduced RBC transfusion and postpartum IV iron use, and improved neonatal outcomes. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, 851 pregnant women with IDA were included (490 received antenatal IV iron; 361 controls). Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for clinically relevant confounders assessed maternal and neonatal outcomes. A propensity score-adjusted sensitivity analysis addressed baseline differences. Results: The median gestational age at infusion was 35 weeks (range 30-37). The treated group had a higher obstetric risk profile, lower baseline hemoglobin at 9.2 (range 5.5-12.7) vs. 9.8 (range 7.9-12) g/dL, and more frequent oral iron use (30-100 mg/day; 66.1% vs. 53.7%; p < 0.001). Gestational age at delivery, estimated blood loss, and postpartum hemorrhage were similar between groups. After adjustment, antenatal IV iron therapy was associated with 56% and 72% lower odds of RBC transfusion and postpartum IV iron use, respectively; the reduced odds of blood transfusion remained significant after propensity score adjustment (aOR 0.42, 95%CI 0.16-0.99). A significant interaction with baseline hemoglobin was observed, with benefit mainly in women with a lower baseline. Neonatal outcomes were similar between groups, although NICU/high-dependency admission and phototherapy for jaundice were less frequent among neonates of treated women. Conclusions: Antenatal IV iron therapy was associated with reduced transfusion exposure and lower postpartum IV iron requirements, despite lower baseline Hb values. These findings support antenatal hematologic optimization in obstetric PBM and highlight the need for further studies to clarify potential neonatal benefits.

PMID 42884621
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PubMedPostgraduate medicine2026-10-16

Changes in intravenous pantoprazole utilization following two sequential interventions in a tertiary referral hospital.

Kargar Mona M, Mousavi Saeideh S, Gholami Kheirollah K, Javadi Mohammad Reza MR et al.

Intravenous (IV) pantoprazole is an effective proton pump inhibitor (PPI) with certain evidence-based indications for acid-related disorders. However, many studies demonstrated the considerable inappropriate administration of IV pantoprazole, resulting in adverse drug reactions and a financial burden. Irrational pantoprazole use necessitates educational and regulatory interventions. This study aimed to assess the effects of a hospital-wide program to optimize pantoprazole use in a tertiary‑care, referral, university-affiliated hospital. This study was conducted in three 45-day evaluation phases, before and after two sequential interventions, including the implementation of institutional guidelines with educational sessions and an order entry form (OEF). The use and appropriateness of IV pantoprazole were evaluated in each evaluation phase, and the hospital consumption (DDD/100 Bed-Days) of IV pantoprazole was estimated from 2014 to 2021. The appropriate use of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in the first-day evaluation of the third phase increased significantly by 7% compared to the first and second evaluation phases (p = 0.03), while other indications remained unchanged. The total number of vials per patient over the 5 days decreased significantly during the three evaluation phases of the study (Coefficient = -0.05, SE = 0.02, p = 0.003). Sequential interventions in our study reduced IV pantoprazole consumption. However, we did not observe a significant improvement in appropriate IV pantoprazole use except for SUP in one of the assessments. Although the reasons behind this should be studied, more comprehensive, continuous, and effective interventions should have been considered to achieve acceptable change.

PMID 42885823
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PubMedDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Incremental Diagnostic Value of Cell-Block-Based Targeted BRAF and RAS Testing in TBSRTC Category III-IV Thyroid Nodules: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Topal Cumhur Selçuk CS, Duymaz Yaşar Kemal YK, Sönmez Büşra B, Genç Hanife Şeyda HŞ

Background/Objectives: Risk stratification of thyroid nodules classified as categories III-IV in The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) remains challenging. This study evaluated the incremental diagnostic value of cell-block-based targeted molecular testing beyond TBSRTC cytology within the 2023 TBSRTC and WHO 2022 frameworks. Methods: This retrospective study included 126 TBSRTC category III-VI thyroid fine-needle aspiration samples. BRAF exon 15 and KRAS/NRAS exons 2-4 were assessed by bidirectional Sanger sequencing; TERT testing was limited to six selected cases. Histopathology was available for 69 nodules, including 59 TBSRTC category III-IV nodules in the primary diagnostic-performance cohort. Logistic regression, ROC analysis, bootstrap correction, repeated stratified five-fold cross-validation, calibration, and exploratory decision curve analysis were performed. Results: BRAF/KRAS/NRAS mutations were detected in 35 of 126 nodules (27.8%). Among resected nodules, mutations occurred in 23 of 32 malignant (71.9%) and 10 of 37 benign/NIFTP cases (27.0%; p < 0.001); BRAF showed the strongest association with malignancy (50.0% vs. 2.7%; p < 0.001). In the resected cohort, combined cytology and molecular testing yielded an AUC of 0.81 versus 0.70 for cytology alone (bootstrap ΔAUC 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03-0.18). In the surgically verified, surgery-enriched TBSRTC category III-IV subgroup (n = 59), the combined model improved AUC from 0.65 to 0.81 (bootstrap ΔAUC 0.15; 95% CI, 0.01-0.29) and achieved 57.7% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity, 83.3% positive predictive value, and 76.3% accuracy. Conclusions: In the surgically verified TBSRTC category III-IV subgroup, targeted BRAF/RAS testing provided incremental rule-in information beyond cytology but had limited rule-out capability. BRAF V600E was strongly associated with malignancy, whereas non-V600 BRAF and RAS alterations required morphologic and clinical context. Negative molecular results should not be used in isolation to exclude malignancy. External validation is required.

PMID 42882412
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PubMedPharmacology research & perspectives2026-10-16

Maintaining IV Patency Throughout Pharmacokinetic Studies Through a Needle-Free Blood Draw Device.

Naviaux William W, Leinweber David D, Barkholtz Heather H

Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies require temporally precise measurements of drug concentrations in biological matrices, most commonly whole blood or plasma. However, repeated venous sampling may increase participant burden and complicate PK-intensive study designs. Needle-free blood collection devices that access peripheral intravenous (IV) catheters may provide an alternative approach to repeated venipuncture while maintaining sampling schedules and specimen quality. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of integrating the PIVO Pro needle-free blood collection device into a PK-intensive human laboratory study of inhaled Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), Δ9-THC, and placebo. Participants completed a screening visit and three dosing visits conducted in a university research facility equipped with a full-scale driving simulator. During each dosing visit, venous blood samples were collected at nine time points over approximately 8 h through an indwelling peripheral IV catheter using the PIVO device. All participants reported that study procedures, including blood collection, were acceptable. Approximately 40% of vascular access sites required replacement, most commonly within the first hour and typically associated with poor initial blood return. Despite slower flow compared with standard venipuncture, sampling was generally sufficient to maintain the PK sampling schedule. One mild adverse event related to vascular access (localized bruising) was observed. These findings demonstrate the operational feasibility of needle-free blood collection through indwelling IV catheters in a PK-intensive research protocol conducted outside a traditional clinical research unit. Further studies are warranted to compare analytical performance and access durability relative to conventional venous sampling approaches.

PMID 42885759
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PubMedDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Preoperative Malignancy Risk Stratification in Bethesda IV Thyroid Nodules Using Integrated Clinical, Ultrasonographic, and Biochemical Parameters in Surgical Oncology Practice.

Kahraman Yavuz Selim YS, Özer İsmail İ, Aydın Muhammet Raşit MR, Gönüllü Emre E et al.

Background and Objectives: Bethesda Category IV thyroid nodules present a diagnostic challenge due to their variable risk of malignancy and uncertain cytological features. Therefore, determining the risk of malignancy before surgery is important. This study aims to identify clinical, biochemical, and ultrasonographic factors associated with malignancy and to explore the performance of a multivariable analysis based on routinely available preoperative features in thyroid nodules. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 105 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for Bethesda Category IV cytology. The mean age was 50.13 ± 11.78 years. 87 patients (82.9%) were female, and 18 (17.1%) were male. Patients were classified into benign/borderline (n = 79) and malignant (n = 26) groups based on their postoperative histopathological findings. Demographic characteristics, serum thyroid function tests, thyroid autoantibody levels, and ultrasonographic findings were compared. Variables significantly associated with malignancy were included in a Firth bias-reduced penalized multivariable logistic regression analysis. The discriminative performance of the multivariable analysis was evaluated using ROC curve analysis, and internal validation was performed using bootstrap resampling. The AUC was compared with that of ACR TI-RADS using DeLong's test. Results: The malignant group showed a significantly higher prevalence of male sex, irregular margins, a taller-than-wide shape, and microcalcification (all p < 0.05). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, only irregular margins (OR = 9.46, 95% CI: 1.88-47.59; p = 0.006) were independently associated with malignancy. The model demonstrated acceptable discrimination in this study population (n = 105), with an AUC of 0.717. The AUC of the multivariable analysis was 0.717, compared with 0.704 for ACR TI-RADS, and the difference was not statistically significant (ΔAUC = 0.013; DeLong p = 0.803). Conclusions: In Bethesda Category IV thyroid nodules, irregular margins remained independently associated with malignancy. The multivariable analysis did not demonstrate significantly better discrimination than ACR TI-RADS. These findings should be considered exploratory and require external validation in larger cohorts.

PMID 42882293
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PubMedPlants (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

A Draft Genome Assembly of Argania spinosa Provides Insights into Lipid Metabolism-Associated Genes and Repeat-Rich Genome Architecture.

Kassem My Abdelmajid MA, Lakhssassi Naoufal N, Knizia Dounya D, El Mousadik Abdelhamid A et al.

Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels is an ecologically and economically important Moroccan tree valued for its oil-rich seeds and adaptation to arid environments. Here, we generated and characterized a genotype-specific draft genome assembly of Z-AL-IV-13 using approximately 82.7 GB of Illumina sequencing data. The final contamination-screened assembly comprised 584.21 Mb across 139,591 sequences, with an N50 of 6.84 kb. BUSCO analysis identified 59.1% complete, 25.4% fragmented, and 15.6% missing conserved eudicot orthologs, while independent k-mer analyses indicated incomplete genome representation and substantial repetitive sequence. Comparative whole-genome alignments showed that 95.34-97.60% of the represented Z-AL-IV-13 assembly sequence aligned to five published A. spinosa assemblies, indicating high sequence correspondence among represented regions. Protein-supported annotation identified 44,777 transcript models, of which 37,507 (83.77%) produced significant Swiss-Prot matches. RepeatMasker identified 37.73% of the assembly as repetitive, predominantly unclassified interspersed repeats. Targeted homology analyses identified assembly loci associated with fatty-acid and triacylglycerol metabolism, including ACCase components, KAS, SACPD, FAD2, GPAT, LPAT/LPAAT, DGAT, PDAT, and acyl-ACP thioesterase families. These sequence-based assignments identify candidate lipid-metabolism-associated homologs but do not establish pathway completeness, biochemical function, or definitive gene-copy numbers. Overall, Z-AL-IV-13 provides an independently generated, genotype-specific draft genomic resource that complements chromosome-scale A. spinosa references while retaining the limitations associated with assembly fragmentation and incomplete gene-space recovery.

PMID 42884810
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