Drug Database
TE

testosterone (Testavan)

✓ Approved

Simple Pharma · AR · Small Molecule

What is testosterone?

testosterone is a small molecule developed by Simple Pharma. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesTestavan
CompanySimple Pharma
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetAR
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Simple Pharma

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

testosterone acts on 1 molecular target:

ARandrogen receptor (DHTR, AR8)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

testosterone is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Endocrine disordersHypogonadism✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedClimacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society2026-10-16

Effects of testosterone on exercise capacity in postmenopausal women with stage B heart failure.

Grant Julia J, Alexander Sarah E SE, Marwick Thomas H TH, Islam Rakibul M RM et al.

Asymptomatic individuals with stage B heart failure (HF) often have reduced exercise capacity. As exogenous testosterone may have favorable skeletal muscle and vasculature effects, this study investigated whether transdermal testosterone improves exercise capacity in women with stage B HF. In this single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial involving women aged ≥55 years with stage B HF (defined as cardiac remodeling and/or diastolic dysfunction) and reduced exercise capacity (<100% age-predicted peak oxygen uptake V˙O2peak]), participants were randomly allocated to transdermal testosterone 5 mg/day or identical placebo for 4 months with cross-over after a 4-week washout. The primary outcome was change in V˙O2peak. Secondary outcomes included changes to cardiac structure and function assessed by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and subjective quality of life. Thirty-eight participants (median age 72 years, range 60-80 years; median body mass index 33.2 kg/m2 [P25-P75 28.7-35.9 kg/m2]) completed the study. Testosterone treatment increased circulating serum testosterone concentrations and was well tolerated, with no adverse treatment-related events. Testosterone treatment had no significant effect on V˙O2peak (β = -0.05, 95% confidence interval = -0.74, 0.65, p = 0.897), cardiac structure or indices of cardiac function, or quality of life. Transdermal testosterone treatment did not improve exercise capacity in postmenopausal women with stage B HF.

PMID 42885906
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Testosterone Regulates Sex-Dependent Immune Responses and Androgen Receptor Expression During Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection.

Nolasco-Pérez Teresita de Jesús TJ, Cervantes-Candelas Luis Antonio LA, Salazar-Castañón Víctor Hugo VH, Buendía-González Fidel Orlando FO et al.

Malaria exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism, with males experiencing greater disease severity and mortality than females do. Although these differences have been partially attributed to the immunosuppressive effects of testosterone, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of testosterone in sex-specific immune responses by administering a combination of letrozole and testosterone (LT) to male and female mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. LT treatment increased testosterone concentrations in both sexes and was associated with higher parasitemia, and splenic index mainly in males, whereas hemoglobin levels decreased only in males. In females, LT increased macrophage numbers, reduced B-cell numbers, enhanced IgM production, increased androgen receptor (AR) expression, and decreased estrogen receptor-α (ERα) expression. In contrast, LT selectively reduced IL-17A levels in males without modifying AR expression. In addition, the IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10 levels remained unchanged in both sexes. These findings demonstrate that testosterone differentially regulates immune responses during malaria through sex-specific modulation of steroid hormone receptor expression. This study provides insight into how testosterone contributes to sex-dependent immune responses to malaria. In turn, elucidating the role of testosterone in these differences may help identify new therapeutic opportunities tailored to biological sex and ultimately contribute to the development of more effective strategies for managing infectious diseases.

PMID 42883896
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PubMedSports health2026-10-16

Testosterone and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Duru Dave Osinachukwu DO, Lee David Kwan Ryung DKR, Vivekanantha Prushoth P, Bouchard Marc Daniel MD et al.

Testosterone influences connective tissue biology, neuromuscular performance, and postoperative recovery. However, its clinical impact on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk and outcomes after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) remains unclear. To evaluate the association between testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) or endogenous testosterone levels and ACL tear incidence, ACLR revision, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), strength, and complications. Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched from inception to March 14, 2026. Studies evaluating TRT use or endogenous testosterone levels in relation to ACL tear incidence or outcomes after ACLR were included. Systematic reviews, narrative reviews, scoping reviews, letters, editorials, technical notes, conference abstracts without full-text publication, animal studies, cadaveric studies, case reports, and non-English studies were excluded. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level 3. Two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics, testosterone exposure, ACL tear incidence, ACLR revision, PROMs, strength outcomes, and complications. Random-effects meta-analyses pooled odds ratios for ACL tear incidence and ACLR revision. Study quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies and Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0, and certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Seven studies were eligible, comprising 1,178,891 patients, of whom 589,436 were TRT users. TRT use was associated with a significantly increased risk of primary ACL tear within 2 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.83; 95% CI, 1.74-4.62; I 2 = 95.4%), with consistent findings across sex-specific analyses. In contrast, there was no difference in ACLR revision rates at 2 years (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.84-1.29; I 2 = 0%). One randomized trial demonstrated increased early postoperative lean mass with TRT, without differences in strength or PROMs. Increased ACL rupture risk was associated with higher testosterone levels in men, and lower levels in women. Higher testosterone levels did not adversely affect PROMs or complication rates after ACLR. TRT is associated with increased ACL tear risk at 2 years after initiation but does not appear to affect 2-year ACLR revision rates. Higher endogenous testosterone levels may influence ACL injury susceptibility in a sex-dependent manner, without impairing ACLR recovery.

PMID 42881560
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PubMedJournal of clinical medicine2026-10-16

Silent Ovary with a Loud Hormonal Signal: A Case Report and Literature Review of an Androgen-Secreting Stromal Luteoma.

Tančić-Gajić Milina M, Aničić Radomir R, Nikolić Gorana G, Miletić Marija M et al.

Background: Less than 0.1% of ovarian cancers are ovarian steroid cell tumors, which are very uncommon sex cord-stromal neoplasms. A rare and usually benign form, stromal luteomas primarily affect postmenopausal women. These tumors can have major hormonal consequences despite their small size. The most common symptom is estrogen excess; androgen release with virilization is uncommon and might be challenging to spot, especially when imaging is subtle. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with a three-year history of escalating hyperandrogenism, which included clitoromegaly, frontotemporal hair thinning, deeper voice, and quickly deteriorating hirsutism. Laboratory analyses revealed significantly elevated serum testosterone levels, reaching the male reference range, accompanied by reduced gonadotropins. Androstenedione and DHEAS levels were within normal ranges. Cushing's syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia were excluded. Although transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography revealed asymmetric ovarian enlargement of the left ovary, initial imaging revealed neither ovarian nor adrenal tumors. The patient underwent a bilateral oophorectomy performed laparoscopically. A 1.5-cm steroid cell tumor of the left ovary, compatible with stromal luteoma, was verified by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Following surgery, testosterone levels rapidly returned to normal, while virilizing features gradually regressed. Conclusions: This example highlights how, even in cases when initial imaging is unremarkable, postmenopausal women with rapid virilization and noticeably higher testosterone levels should be evaluated for rare androgen-secreting ovarian tumors. A timely diagnosis requires a complete assessment of ovarian morphology and a thorough endocrine evaluation. Both biochemical abnormalities and clinical signs can be resolved with surgical excision, which offers a definitive treatment.

PMID 42881968
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PubMedSoft matter2026-10-16

Autonomous sequential deformation of microphase-separated Belousov-Zhabotinsky gel pillar arrays directed by Ag-contact-induced chemical waves.

Kanzawa Shunsuke S, Yamada Yuhei Y, Nabae Hiroyuki H, Hosoya Naoki N et al.

Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) gels exhibit autonomous and periodic deformation driven by the BZ reaction, enabling sustained deformation dynamics without dependence on externally imposed on-off control. To utilize BZ gels as autonomous soft actuators, it is essential to design structures that convert the propagation of chemical waves generated by the BZ reaction into macroscopically observable mechanical deformations. To convert the spatiotemporal propagation of chemical waves into macroscopically observable sequential mechanical deformation, we fabricated a single continuous BZ gel structure containing millimeter-scale free-standing pillar arrays using a BZ-gel formulation previously shown to form a microphase-separated structure with an amplified swelling-deswelling response. Furthermore, by contacting the gel with a silver (Ag) wire, we introduced a local reaction-field perturbation that likely promoted preferential chemical-wave propagation while maintaining sustained redox oscillations in the BZ gel. A representative pillar exhibited a tip displacement of approximately 0.30 mm, and the chemical-wave peak propagated along the pillar array at approximately 1.7 mm min-1. In the pillar array, direct tip tracking showed delayed x-displacement peaks along the wave-propagation direction and nearly synchronous motion of pillars positioned in parallel. Thus, chemical-wave propagation was read out as sequential deformation of multiple pillars within a single continuous gel. Moreover, the proposed approach provides design guidelines for converting spatiotemporal patterns generated by chemical reactions into directional actuation, contributing to the development of soft robotics and biomimetic devices based on self-oscillating gels.

PMID 42885546
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PubMedDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Toward the Use of Centrifugation for Point-of-Care Plasma Separation: Evaluation of a Compact Battery-Powered Centrifuge.

Ptolemy Adam S AS, Kolb Alexander L AL, Mehmke Ayse A, Rifai Sami S et al.

Background/Objectives: Despite advances in point-of-care (POC) blood test development, the lack of a simple, low-cost approach to the separation of capillary blood to generate liquid plasma remains a barrier to POC measurement of many analytes. The battery-operated, internally balanced Labcorp TrueSpin® centrifuge offers a potential POC solution for blood collected into a BDMicrotainer®. We compared the quality of plasma generated by TrueSpin centrifugation versus conventional centrifugation. Methods: Venipuncture was performed on 10 volunteers. After collection of blood into Sarstedt Monovettes® (Lithium Heparin with gel (LiHep/Gel), EDTA), blood from the same tubing was collected into three Microtainers (LiHep/gel, LiHep without gel (LiHep), EDTA). Microtainer and Monovette samples received TrueSpin and conventional centrifugation, respectively. Hemolysis index and plasma amino acids (n = 24) were measured for all Monovette and Microtainer plasma samples. For 3 additional volunteers, capillary blood was collected from the arm into LiHep/Gel and EDTA Microtainers using the Labcorp Comfort DrawTM device with a gentleheel® lancet and centrifuged (TrueSpin) to generate plasma. Results: TrueSpin centrifugation took approximately 10 min; batteries supported 8-11 runs. Microtainer plasma H-indices (including blood from Comfort Draw) were ≤10. For all 24 amino acids combined, measurements for TrueSpin Microtainer samples had excellent Pearson's correlation (r > 0.99) with paired conventional Monovette plasma. Conclusions: Plasma quality after TrueSpin centrifugation of Microtainer blood samples is comparable to plasma quality after conventional Monovette centrifugation, including for capillary blood collected using the Comfort Draw. The TrueSpin was reliable and easy to use. The TrueSpin centrifuge has potential future use for POC plasma separation.

PMID 42882243
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