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carbocysteine lysine salt (Fluifort / Pectox Lisina)

✓ Approved

Dompe · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is carbocysteine lysine salt?

carbocysteine lysine salt is a small molecule developed by Dompe. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesFluifort, Pectox Lisina
CompanyDompe
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Dompe

Therapeutic Indications

carbocysteine lysine salt is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Congenital, familial and genetic disordersCystic fibrosis✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersBronchitis chronicPhase I

Related Research Articles

PubMedAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026-08-30

Interfacial Salinity-Transport Matching in 3D Solar Evaporators: A Framework for Brine-Stable Solar Interfacial Evaporation.

Sorayani Bafqi Mohammad Sajad MS, Aranga Raju Arun Prakash AP, Doustdar Omid O, Nekouie Esfahani Reza R et al.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is commonly optimized through photothermal absorption and evaporation flux normalized by projected illuminated area. This metric is useful for quasi-2D evaporators and dilute feeds, but it does not resolve the coupled constraints that emerge in 3D architectures during brine operation. Here, porous polyvinyl alcohol/graphene nanoplatelet evaporators are used to identify the transition from evaporation-cooled operation to brine transport limitation. GNP incorporation increases dry photothermal temperatures to 150-180°C; however, this dry-state ranking is not preserved under brine. Under DI water and 3.5 wt.% NaCl, evaporative cooling suppresses dry-temperature differences and produces stable wet operation. Under 20 wt.% NaCl, several architectures develop delayed sensible heat accumulation after the early operating period despite no visible salt accumulation. Two evaporators with similar dry photothermal temperatures show sharply different brine responses: the low exposed-boundary structure reaches 131.34°C after 4 h, whereas the high exposed-boundary structure shows only 5.34°C late-stage thermal drift and retains the highest brine-flux stability. Local conductivity, salt mass balance, transport descriptors, and side-sealed controls show that brine-stable 3D evaporation requires matched heat generation, capillary replenishment, salt redistribution, and vapor removal, rather than maximum dry temperature, first-hour flux, or visual salt suppression as sole performance criteria alone.

PMID 42669631
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PubMedJournal of computer-aided molecular design2026-08-30

ESM2-Kcr: a novel model combining protein language model and deep learning methods for predicting lysine crotonylation sites.

Liu Kai K, Zhang Shengli S, Ren Jingyi J

Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a vital posttranslational modification that plays a significant role in diverse biological processes such as DNA replication, the cell cycle, spermatogenesis, and embryonic stem cell differentiation. Abnormal Kcr levels are associated with multiple diseases including cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic diseases, making it crucial for understanding disease pathogenesis and progression. In this study, we introduce ESM2-Kcr, a novel computational model designed for predicting Kcr sites. This model integrates the protein language model ESM2 with advanced deep learning techniques including LSTM, multi-head attention mechanism, and CNN. We elaborate on the specific feature extraction contributions of each deep learning module in ESM2-Kcr: LSTM captures the long-distance sequential dependency information of amino acid residues in protein sequences, CNN extracts the local short-range structural and functional features centered on lysine residues, and the multi-head attention mechanism adaptively assigns weight coefficients to key residue positions to highlight Kcr-related critical sequence information and filter out redundant noise. ESM2-Kcr encodes the protein sequences using ESM2_t30_150M_UR50D and further extracts comprehensive features. Through extensive comparisons with other protein language models like ProteinBERT and ProtT5, as well as different models within the ESM2 family, ESM2-Kcr demonstrates superior generalization ability and performance. The ESM2-Kcr model not only enhances our understanding of protein regulation but also holds great potential in identifying disease biomarkers and facilitating drug development. Future research directions may involve extending this framework to other posttranslational modifications. Data and codes are available at https://github.com/liukai23157/ESM2-Kcr .

PMID 42669100
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PubMedEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026-08-30

Untargeted plasma metabolomics identifies metabolite signatures associated with suicidality status in chronic schizophrenia.

Wang Lijun L, Lu Chenghao C, Sun Xiaochun X, Sun Wenjie W et al.

Suicide contributes substantially to mortality in schizophrenia, yet metabolic signatures associated with suicidality remain poorly understood. We applied untargeted plasma metabolomics with multivariate modeling to identify plasma metabolic signatures associated with suicidality status and clinical features. We enrolled 146 frequency-matched psychiatric inpatients with chronic schizophrenia: 73 in the suicide-risk (SR) group, defined by current suicidal ideation or suicidal behavior/attempt history at admission, and 73 in the non-suicide-risk (NSR) group. Plasma samples underwent untargeted metabolomic profiling. Discriminating metabolites were identified using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted Mann-Whitney U testing (variable importance in projection [VIP] >1.0 and adjusted p <0.05). Stepwise logistic regression with forced clinical covariates generated an exploratory metabolite-based classification model, and Spearman correlations examined associations with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) scores. OPLS-DA identified 70 discriminating metabolites (R2Y = 0.938, Q2Y = 0.650), with nominal enrichment of lysine degradation, glutathione metabolism, phenylalanine/tyrosine/tryptophan biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism. Stepwise regression retained six metabolites associated with SR status (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.774): Sphingosine, 3-OH-TML, Ile-Leu+Leu-Ile, TML, Taurine, and 12-HETE. Gamma-Glu-Thr showed the highest VIP (5.003) and broad clinical correlations. Plasma metabolic differences involving sphingolipid, lysine/carnitine, neuroinflammatory, amino-acid, and glutathione-related pathways were associated with suicidality status in chronic schizophrenia. These exploratory cross-sectional findings require validation in larger longitudinal cohorts using dedicated suicidality assessments.

PMID 42669098
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PubMedPlant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology2026-08-30

Molecular Mechanisms and Regulatory Networks of Salt Stress Tolerance in Plant.

Usman Muhammad M, Wang Li L, Xiaojuan An A, Sun Zixing Z et al.

Soil salinity is a major threat to crop productivity, sustainable agriculture, and global food security, with more than 833 million hectares of land affected worldwide. Salt stress restricts plant growth through osmotic stress, ion toxicity, oxidative damage, membrane disruption, reduced photosynthesis, and yield loss. Plants respond through coordinated regulatory networks that connect early stress perception with ion balance, osmotic adjustment, hormone signaling, transcript regulation, and protein modification. Recent advances have identified several sensory and signaling modules involved in salinity responses, including calcium signaling, receptor like kinases, FERONIA, OSCA, MOCA, annexins, and mechanosensitive channels that detect ionic, osmotic, and mechanical changes. Established pathways such as the SOS pathway and GABA shunt are included as established background mechanisms for sodium homeostasis and metabolic adjustment under saline conditions. Hormonal networks involving abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, auxin, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids coordinate root architecture, stomatal control, antioxidant defense, growth restraint, and post-stress recovery. Emerging regulatory layers mediated by microRNAs, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation further fine tune transcript stability, protein activity, ion transport, redox balance, and stress resilience. A central challenge is the translational gap between model species and crops, since many mechanisms defined in Arabidopsis and rice still lack functional validation in major crop species and halophytes. Integrating conserved and species dependent mechanisms with crop centered validation will help convert molecular knowledge into breeding, genome editing, and management strategies for saline agriculture.

PMID 42669331
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PubMedMedical mycology journal2026-08-30

A Case of Kerion Celsi due to Trichophyton rubrum Successfully Treated with Fosravuconazole.

Une Chisato C, Ikutama Risa R, Kano Rui R, Kimura Utako U et al.

A male in his seventies presented with multiple erythematous follicular papules on the back, followed by lesions in the occipital region and posterior neck. Fungal examination revealed kerion celsi caused by Trichophyton rubrum. The patient was treated with fosravuconazole 100 mg/day for 8 weeks, and the brush method was negative 1 month later. The oral antifungal medicines approved for treatment of tinea capitis in Japan are limited to itraconazole and terbinafine hydrochloride. However, itraconazole has many contraindicated drugs, and antifungal resistance has recently become a major concern.As the challenge of drug-resistant fungi is expected to become more significant in the future, the clinical benefits of using fosravuconazole L-lysine ethanolate (F-RVCZ) for treating kerion celsi may increase. Our experience suggests that F-RVCZ could be a valuable therapeutic option.

PMID 42669480
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PubMediScience2026-08-30

Atractylenolide I stabilizes HMOX1 to induce ferroptosis and enhance lenvatinib efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Miao Yangyang Y, Jin Shengjie S, Peng Rui R, Tu Daoyuan D et al.

Lenvatinib resistance limits the therapeutic efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), highlighting the need for effective strategies to enhance treatment response. Atractylenolide I (AT-1), a bioactive compound derived from Atractylodes macrocephala, exhibits antitumor activity, yet its mechanism in HCC remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that AT-1 suppresses HCC growth by inducing ferroptosis and enhances Lenvatinib efficacy. AT-1 increases intracellular Fe2+ accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species, consistent with ferroptotic cell death. Mechanistically, AT-1 directly binds to heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) and stabilizes its protein expression by inhibiting ubiquitination at lysine residues K177 and K179, thereby preventing proteasomal degradation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of HMOX1 abrogates AT-1-induced ferroptosis and antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Notably, AT-1 synergistically enhances Lenvatinib-mediated tumor suppression in HCC models. These findings identify HMOX1 stabilization as a core ferroptosis-regulating mechanism and support AT-1 as a promising adjuvant strategy for HCC therapy.

PMID 42668617
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