Ocumension Therapeutics Co., Ltd. · NR3C1 · Steroids
dexamethasone is a steroids developed by Ocumension Therapeutics Co., Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intraocular injection.
| Brand Names | OT502, IBI10090, OT 502 |
| Company | Ocumension Therapeutics Co., Ltd. |
| Drug Class | Steroids, Small Molecule |
| Molecular Target | NR3C1 |
| Route | Injectable (Others), Intraocular Injection |
| Status | Approved |
dexamethasone acts on 1 molecular target:
| NR3C1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR) |
dexamethasone is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.
| Therapeutic Area | Condition | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| Eye disorders | Cataract | ✓ Approved |
Srinivasan Sushmitha Grama SG, Kamens Jennifer L JL, Marks Lianna J LJ, Balagtas Jay M S JMS et al.
Liu Tun T, Nan Kai K, Dang Xiaoqian X, Wang Wei W et al.
Cartilage degeneration in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is closely associated with chondrocyte heterogeneity. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 50,851 chondrocytes from 10 ONFH patients and 10 controls. The findings were further validated using an in vitro chondrocyte injury model induced by dexamethasone. Nine chondrocyte subtypes were identified, among which COL1A1⁺ chondrocytes (exhibiting fibrotic features and Hippo-YAP pathway activation) and COL2A1⁺ chondrocytes (displaying a reparative hyaline cartilage phenotype) were significantly enriched in ONFH. Immunohistochemistry and in vitro functional assays confirmed the upregulation of signature proteins and key transcription factors in these subtypes. Pseudotime analysis revealed that CCL20⁺ progenitor cells differentiate toward fibrotic or reparative fates via PRG4 or SOX5, respectively. Key ligand-receptor pairs, including FGF2-FGFR1 and TNFRSF11B-TNFSF11, mediated intercellular communication. This study elucidates the cellular and molecular basis of the "fibrosis-repair" imbalance in ONFH cartilage degeneration, offering a theoretical foundation for targeting chondrocyte fate regulation.
Hmayed Jawad J, Fadel Doha D, Albayeh Anthony A, Jreij Chris C et al.
Extramedullary plasmacytomas are an uncommon manifestation of multiple myeloma (MM) and may involve a wide range of soft-tissue sites. Superficial involvement of the back is particularly rare and may be mistaken for benign soft-tissue lesions. We report the case of a 59-year-old man with MM diagnosed in April 2024 who was treated with four cycles of bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (VCD), achieving remission with disappearance of serum and urine M-protein on immunofixation. In October 2025, the disease relapsed, with early progression despite treatment with daratumumab, prompting initiation of teclistamab therapy. During the course of his disease, he developed two progressively enlarging, painless indurations over the left upper and lower back. Ultrasound demonstrated well-circumscribed heterogeneous hypoechoic subcutaneous masses with internal arterial vascularity on Doppler imaging. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy revealed diffuse infiltration by monoclonal plasma cells expressing CD138 with lambda light-chain restriction, confirming secondary extramedullary plasmacytoma. This case highlights the importance of considering extramedullary plasmacytoma in the differential diagnosis of new superficial soft-tissue masses in patients with MM and underscores the complementary role of ultrasound and histopathological examination in establishing the diagnosis.
Padarabinda Tripathy Krishna K, Mishra Subhashree S, Laxman Virani A VA, Hima Varsha Palle Sree PS et al.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is classically described as causing self-limiting acute hepatitis. However, it is increasingly being recognised for a wide spectrum of immune-mediated extrahepatic complications involving the haematological, neurological, renal and pancreatic systems. These manifestations are more commonly seen as isolated presentations in individual patients. We report a 59-year-old man with serologically confirmed acute hepatitis E, in whom alternative infectious, autoimmune, and malignant etiologies were excluded, who developed three distinct immune-mediated complications in temporal sequence during a single hospital admission: autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) at presentation, secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) within one week, and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) on day 17. The chronological evolution of these complications suggested a progressive triphasic immune-mediated response following acute HEV infection. Each complication was diagnosed using established criteria and managed with targeted therapy-corticosteroids and supportive care for AIHA; etoposide, escalated dexamethasone, and cyclosporin for HLH; and intravenous immunoglobulin for GBS. The sequential development from early autoantibody-mediated haemolysis to hyperinflammatory macrophage activation and subsequent delayed post-infectious neuroimmune involvement reflects evolving immune dysregulation rather than coincident multisystem disease. The patient achieved complete clinical and biochemical recovery on follow-up. Sequential occurrence of AIHA, HLH, and GBS following acute HEV infection within a single hospital admission is rarely described. The case underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for evolving extrahepatic immune-mediated complications in patients with acute HEV infection.
Chen Lang L, Wang YaJun Y, Tan Jian J, He MingLiu M et al.
This study primarily evaluated the efficacy and safety of prophylactic dexamethasone in preventing radiation-induced pain flare in patients with bone metastases undergoing palliative radiotherapy. A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted to identify prospective randomized controlled trials published up to May 2026. After screening, six studies were ultimately included. A random-effects model was used for pooled analyses, and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity. A total of 1,833 records were initially identified, and six prospective randomized controlled trials were ultimately included in the final analysis. Pooled analysis demonstrated that prophylactic dexamethasone was associated with a significantly lower risk of radiation-induced pain flare compared with placebo (RR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46-0.86). Sensitivity analyses did not identify a clear source of heterogeneity within the dexamethasone group. Adverse events were infrequently reported and were generally mild, with no severe treatment-related complications observed in the included studies. Prophylactic dexamethasone may reduce the incidence of radiation-induced pain flare in patients with bone metastases undergoing palliative radiotherapy. However, given the limited number of studies and heterogeneity among treatment protocols, these findings should be interpreted cautiously, and further large-scale randomized controlled trials are warranted.
Jha Sachin Sunny SS
Single-injection peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) provide excellent perioperative analgesia in children but are limited by finite duration. Pediatric populations were excluded from the major adult adjunct reviews. This narrative review synthesizes the evidence for adjuncts added to local anesthetics for single-injection PNBs and caudal blocks in patients aged 0 to 18 years, including dexamethasone, dexmedetomidine, clonidine, conventional opioids, buprenorphine, magnesium sulfate, midazolam, ketamine, neostigmine, tramadol, nalbuphine, and epinephrine. Across 58 studies, dexmedetomidine (0.5 to 1 mcg/kg) and dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg perineural) were the best-supported agents, each roughly doubling analgesic duration with acceptable safety. Two network meta-analyses ranked neostigmine highest for caudal duration, but its postoperative nausea and vomiting burden limits use. Clonidine has the longest safety record. Ketamine and midazolam show robust caudal efficacy but unresolved neurotoxicity concerns. Nalbuphine and buprenorphine are promising but under-studied. Tramadol carries pediatric regulatory restrictions, while epinephrine and conventional opioids add little. Dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone are the preferred adjuncts in pediatric regional anesthesia. Adult evidence should not be extrapolated directly given developmental pharmacology and pediatric-specific safety considerations. Prospective trials in true pediatric PNBs and pediatric rebound-pain studies remain the critical evidence gaps.
+9996 more articles available with a free account
Sign up free to view all articles →