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ketoprofen (Ketopatch / ketoprofen, Pacific / Ketotop patch)

✓ Approved

Aestura · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is ketoprofen?

ketoprofen is a small molecule developed by Aestura. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesKetopatch, ketoprofen, Pacific, Ketotop patch
CompanyAestura
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Aestura

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

ketoprofen acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

ketoprofen is developed for 6 unique indications across 3 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsEpicondylitis✓ Approved
Hepatobiliary disordersHepatitis✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersMusculoskeletal pain✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteoarthritis✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersRheumatoid arthritis✓ Approved

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Related Research Articles

PubMedAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026-10-16

Phylogeography of the Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea): Standardized Global Haplotype Nomenclature and Updated Mitochondrial Lineage Distributions in the Eastern Pacific.

Sol-Torres Omar Horacio OH, Gallardo-Sánchez Hugo David HD, Camacho-Sánchez Fátima Yedith FY, Vargas Sarah Maria SM et al.

Lepidochelys olivacea is the most abundant sea turtle species worldwide and exhibits a circumtropical distribution across the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Global phylogeographic studies have identified three major mitochondrial lineages, but comparisons among regions remain limited by inconsistent mtDNA control-region fragment lengths, incompatible haplotype nomenclatures, and uneven geographic sampling. The East Pacific Regional Management Unit (RMU), which includes major nesting populations in Mexico and Costa Rica, experienced severe demographic declines during the twentieth century, and the effects of expanded sampling on current phylogeographic patterns remain uncertain. This study analyzed 1264 mtDNA control region sequences (474-bp and 653-bp fragments) to update and standardize the global genetic dataset of L. olivacea, incorporating novel samples from previously unsampled East Pacific localities. Clear phylogeographic differentiation among RMUs was detected and remained consistent across both sequence lengths, supporting the Atlantic (ATL), East Pacific (EP), and Indo-West Pacific (IWP) lineages. Shared haplotypes between the EP and IWP lineages likely reflect historical connectivity rather than contemporary transoceanic movements. The 653-bp dataset revealed greater haplotype diversity (78 haplotypes) than the 474-bp dataset (62 haplotypes), highlighting the improved resolution provided by the longer marker. Regional diversity patterns appeared to be influenced by sampling effort, particularly in underrepresented regions such as the West Indian Ocean. Negative neutrality indices in both Pacific RMUs suggested recent population expansion. This study establishes a standardized haplotype nomenclature for L. olivacea, provides an updated view of mitochondrial lineage distributions, and offers a robust framework for future phylogeographic and conservation studies across the species' range.

PMID 42882990
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PubMedHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Maternal and Indoor Smoking Are Associated with Increased Risk of Acute Respiratory Infection in Under-Five Children: A Meta-Analysis of National Survey Data from Eight Asia-Pacific Countries.

Odo Daniel Bogale DB, Dinku Yonatan Y, Yadav Uday Narayan UN, Shifti Desalegn Markos DM et al.

Background: Early exposure to tobacco smoke can harm children's developing respiratory systems, increasing the risk of acute and long-term health consequences. This study examined the association of maternal and indoor smoking with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in under-five children living in eight Asia-Pacific countries. Methods: We analysed Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 2015 and 2022. A logistic regression model was fitted separately to each country's data to obtain the odds of ARI in children for maternal tobacco use, daily indoor smoking, and occasional indoor smoking. Then, a meta-analysis using the Der Simonian and Laird method was used to obtain a pooled odds ratio (pOR) of ARI across the included countries. Results: We included a weighted sample of 302,841 children, among whom the prevalence of ARI was 4.12% (95% CI: 4.05, 4.19). The pooled prevalence of maternal tobacco use and daily indoor smoking was 3.45% (95% CI: 3.38, 3.51) and 29.61% (95% CI: 29.45, 29.77), respectively. In random-effects meta-analyses, exposure to daily indoor smoking (pOR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.25) and occasional indoor smoking (pOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.35) were both associated with increased odds of ARI, as was maternal tobacco use (pOR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.31). Conclusions: Secondhand smoke exposure was associated with higher odds of ARI among under-five children, underscoring the need for smoke-free home policies across Asia-Pacific countries, particularly as the tobacco industry expands marketing and lobbying against such policies in low-income settings.

PMID 42881660
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Growth Variation in the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Is Associated with Sequential Transcriptional Programs of Tissue Differentiation.

Kim Julan J, Son Hyojung H, Lee Hee-Jung HJ, Kim Kyung-Hee KH et al.

Growth variation is one of the most economically important traits in oyster aquaculture, yet the transcriptional programs associated with divergent growth performance remain incompletely understood. In this study, three growth cohorts of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) originating from the same production batch were examined to characterize coordinated differences in tissue-associated transcriptional programs across contrasting growth cohorts. A total of 25 RNA-seq libraries were generated from slow-growth (SG) whole-body samples and mantle and gill tissues of medium-growth (MG) and fast-growth (FG) oysters. RNA-seq analysis identified 28,773 expressed genes and 9373 differentially expressed genes (|log2FC| ≥ 2, FDR ≤ 0.05). Tissue-specific analysis further identified 1407 mantle-specific and 773 gill-specific genes, reflecting distinct functional specialization of the two tissues. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) resolved six biologically interpretable modules associated with growth state and tissue identity. When module eigengene patterns were examined across the ordered SG-MG-FG continuum, the modules showed sequential shifts from SG-associated basal metabolic and RNA-processing programs to MG-associated tissue-specialization programs and FG-associated mature mantle and gill functional programs. The FG mantle-associated module was enriched for chitin remodeling, shell matrix-related functions, and structural organization, whereas the FG gill-associated module showed enrichment of Toll-like receptor signaling, epithelial organization, and innate immune functions. Expression patterns of representative genes from the six modules were independently validated by quantitative RT-PCR and showed strong concordance with the RNA-seq data. Collectively, these results identify coordinated differences in basal and tissue-associated transcriptional programs across contrasting growth cohorts. This framework provides a transcriptomic basis for interpreting growth-associated tissue maturation and identifies candidate molecular indicators for future validation in oyster selective breeding.

PMID 42883705
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PubMedAutism : the international journal of research and practice2026-10-16

Intersectional Disparities in School-Based Autism Identification Are Occurring in U.S. Elementary Schools.

Morgan Paul L PL, Hu Eric Hengyu EH

We investigated whether intersections of race or ethnicity, gender, family income, and language use are associated with school-based autism identification (SBAI) in U.S. elementary schools. We estimated logistic and multilevel logistic regression models with interaction terms, adjusting for reading achievement and school contextual factors. We used school record of autism as a student's primary disability for which special education services were being provided to indicate SBAI. We analyzed a very large, aggregated sample of U.S. fourth graders (typically 9-10 years old; N = 1,419,440) participating in the National Assessment of Educational Progress across 2005 to 2022. The sample included stratified subsamples of Black (n = 246,040), Hispanic (n = 273,620), Asian/Pacific Islander (n = 68,800), and White (n = 759,800) students. Within the racial and ethnic groups, girls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] range = 0.10-0.27) and those from low-income families (aOR = 0.21-0.60) were less likely to be identified. Among Hispanic and White students, MLs were less likely to be identified (aOR 0.57 and aOR = 0.40, respectively). Attending schools with greater percentages of low-income students was associated with lower odds of SBAI (aOR range = 0.73-0.81). Among Black, Hispanic, and White students, those attending schools with greater percentages of special education students were more likely to be identified (aOR = 1.16-1.23). Overall, Black and Hispanic girls, low-income Black and other race or ethnicity students, and White and Hispanic multilingual learners (MLs) had especially low odds of SBAI. Intersectional disparities are occurring in SBAI in U.S. elementary schools.Lay AbstractWe examined how multiple social positions across race and ethnicity, gender, family income, and language use are associated with whether students were identified with autism in U.S. elementary schools. We analyzed a very large, aggregated sample of U.S. fourth graders (typically 9-10 years old; N = 1,419,440) participating in the National Assessment of Educational Progress across 2005 to 2022. The sample included stratified subsamples of Black (n = 246,040), Hispanic (n = 273,620), Asian/Pacific Islander (n = 68,800), and White (n = 759,800) students. We used school record of autism as a student's primary disability for which special education services were being provided to indicate school-based autism identification (SBAI). The analyses adjusted for student academic achievement, school contextual factors, and other alternative explanatory factors. We repeatedly observed interactions between race or ethnicity and family income. Girls and those from low-income families were consistently less likely to be identified with autism including within samples of Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander (PI), and White students. Black and Hispanic girls, low-income Black and other race or ethnicity students, and White and Hispanic multilingual learners (MLs) had especially low odds of being identified. Students across the racial and ethnic groups were less likely to be identified with autism when attending schools attended by higher percentages of low-income students. Students also were less likely to be identified in schools when their race or ethnicity was the same as those of other attending students. Our findings repeatedly indicate that intersectional disparities in SBAI are occurring in U.S. elementary schools. Referral practices, evaluation and eligibility procedures, and resource allocation and outreach efforts may need to address intersectional disparities to ensure that multiply marginalized student populations have equal access to autism services and supports in U.S. elementary schools.

PMID 42885509
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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Purified and HPCCC Fractionated Anthocyanin-Rich Extracts from Black Bean Hulls Modulate H2O2-Induced Intracellular ROS Generation in RAW 264.7 Cells.

Escobedo Alejandro A, Barcena Sofía S, Mojica Luis L, Gschaedler Anne A et al.

This study aimed to obtain crude, purified, and fractionated anthocyanin-rich extracts of three black bean cultivars from the South Pacific Region of Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca). The extracts were obtained using an Amberlite XAD-7HP column and high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC), and their modulatory effect on oxidative stress was evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Purification significantly increased the concentrations of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins across all cultivars. However, HPCCC fractionation produced a cultivar-dependent response, with marked anthocyanin enrichment observed only in the Guerrero cultivar. In contrast, a decrease was noted for Oaxaca and Chiapas, compared with the corresponding purified extracts. The anthocyanin content per gram of extract ranged from 12.1 to 21.4 mg/g for crude extracts, 27.4 to 85.5 mg/g for purified extracts, and 48 to 98.8 mg/g for fractionated extracts. The purification and fractionation processes enabled the obtaining of anthocyanin-rich extracts from black bean hulls that reduced H2O2-induced intracellular ROS generation in a cultivar- and treatment-dependent manner, with the black bean cultivar from Chiapas being the most effective, indicating that differences in its phenolic composition may contribute to the observed biological response. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of high-performance countercurrent chromatography for the fractionation of black bean anthocyanins.

PMID 42883334
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PubMedFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Toxic Metal Exposure from Ecuadorian Seafood: Dietary Exposure and Risk Characterization Across Key Commercial Species.

Carvajal Wendy Daniela WD, Romero-Estévez David D, Yánez-Jácome Gabriela S GS, Vélez-Terreros Pamela Y PY et al.

Seafood is an important component of the Ecuadorian diet, particularly in coastal regions; however, contamination from anthropogenic activities has raised concerns about human exposure to toxic metals. This study quantified cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and total mercury (THg) in shrimp (Protrachypene precipua), shrimp-prawn (Litopenaeus vannamei), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), and Pacific thread herring (PTH; Opisthonema sp.) purchased in Quito and Manta. A total of 71 samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (flame and graphite furnace) and cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Distinct metal accumulation patterns were observed among species: blue marlin exhibited markedly elevated THg concentrations (1117.7 µg/kg) consistent with biomagnification processes, whereas shrimp-prawns showed the highest Cd levels (67.5 µg/kg). Pb and Co levels were below the corresponding limits of quantification in all samples. All detectable concentrations of Cd and THg remained below the maximum levels established by the Codex Alimentarius and European Union regulations. Risk characterization based on Hazard Quotient (HQ) indicated that THg intake from blue marlin exceeded the safety threshold (HQ > 1) across all demographic groups under both mean and maximum consumption scenarios. Additionally, HQ values above 1 were observed for toddlers and children consuming shrimp, shrimp-prawn, and PTH under the maximum exposure scenario. In contrast, Cd exposure remained below the level of concern for all seafood products and population groups. Overall, blue marlin was the primary contributor to potential mercury exposure, particularly among younger consumers.

PMID 42883535
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