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sumatriptan succinate (Imigran Nasal Spray / Imitrex Nasal Spray / Suminant)

✓ Approved

GSK · HTR1D · Small Molecule

What is sumatriptan succinate?

sumatriptan succinate is a small molecule developed by GSK. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesImigran Nasal Spray, Imitrex Nasal Spray, Suminant
CompanyGSK
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetHTR1D
RouteInhaled
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, GSK

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

sumatriptan succinate acts on 1 molecular target:

HTR1D5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D (HTR1DA, HT1DA)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

sumatriptan succinate is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersMigraine✓ Approved
Nervous system disordersCluster headache✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Energy Metabolic Reprogramming Characterized by Succinate Accumulation Aggravates Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Yan Xiao-Lin XL, He Yu Y, Liu Xiao-Chen XC, Zhang Yu-Ni YN et al.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe inflammatory intestinal disorder of preterm infants associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. This study investigated energy metabolic alterations in NEC and the contribution of succinate to disease progression. Fecal energy metabolites were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in preterm infants and neonatal mice. Neonatal C57BL/6 mice were assigned to the Control, NEC, NEC+dimethyl malonate (DMM), NEC+succinate (Suc), and NEC+DMM+Suc groups. Ileal tissues were analyzed by metabolomics, transcriptomics, histopathology, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, Western blotting, reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity assays. Both human neonates and neonatal mice with NEC exhibited metabolic reprogramming characterized by prominent succinate accumulation. Exogenous succinate further altered intestinal metabolism, reduced survival, aggravated weight loss and intestinal injury, decreased tight junction protein expression and lamina propria CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell proportions, and enhanced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling. Intestinal SDH activity and succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A (SDHA) expression were increased in NEC and further enhanced by exogenous succinate, accompanied by increased colocalization of SDHA with F4/80+ macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of SDH with DMM partially improved survival, intestinal injury, barrier disruption, and Treg loss, while suppressing HIF-1α/IL-1β signaling. These findings identify succinate accumulation as a metabolic hallmark of NEC and support a potential succinate-SDH-HIF-1α/IL-1β axis linking metabolic dysregulation to intestinal injury and immune imbalance.

PMID 42883936
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PubMedInfection control and hospital epidemiology2026-10-16

Predictive value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal screening for MRSA in a clinical culture in solid organ transplant recipients.

Schultheis Jennifer J, Hanlon Ellen E, Deri Connor C, Bergin Stephen P SP et al.

In this retrospective cohort study of 318 solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, the MRSA nasal PCR demonstrated high specificity (0.95) and negative predictive value (0.98) for MRSA in clinical cultures. In low-risk SOT recipients, negative MRSA nasal PCR may support de-escalation of therapy; exploratory results require confirmation in higher-prevalence cohorts.

PMID 42885188
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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Biocatalytic Synthesis of Diethyl Succinate in Hydrophobic Trioctylphosphine Oxide (TOPO)-Based Reactive DES.

Nieto Susana S, Ruiz Francisco J FJ, Martinez-Garcia Juan J, Villa Rocio R et al.

Diethyl succinate (DEtS) synthesis by lipase-catalyzed direct esterification was successfully carried out in succinic acid (SA):trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) mixtures acting as reactive deep eutectic solvents (rDES). By this strategy, the succinic acid concentration in this non-aqueous eutectic mixture reaches up to 1.92 M at room temperature, enabling a suitable reaction system for the biocatalytic double esterification of SA with ethanol (EtOH) to yield DEtS. The best results were obtained when using an SA:TOPO equimolar ratio and a stepwise addition of EtOHinto the reaction system, leading to 92% SA conversion and 60% selectivity for the DEtS product synthesis after 20 h at 60 °C. For the subsequent pure product separation, the direct addition of dimethyl sulfoxide into the reaction system provokes TOPO crystallization, which is easily removed by filter centrifugation at room temperature. This novel approach, TOPO-based rDES, has been demonstrated as a green and low-waste strategy for biocatalytic diester synthesis under mild conditions, validated by green metrics.

PMID 42883168
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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Enhanced Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability of Tegoprazan Using D-α-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate-Based Melt Granulation System.

Jeong Min Gyeong MG, Kim Tae Hyoung TH, Yang In Gyu IG, Baek Yeon Ju YJ et al.

Tegoprazan (TPZ) is a promising potassium-competitive acid blocker, but its pH-dependent low solubility often leads to erratic oral absorption. Although several hydrophilic polymer-based amorphous solid dispersions have been attempted to enhance dissolution, they often suffer from thermodynamic instability or rely on complex, solvent-mediated manufacturing processes. Herein, to enhance dissolution and oral absorption, a crystalline drug-loaded melt granulation (MG) system using D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) was fabricated while maintaining stable physicochemical properties. MGs were prepared via a solvent-free, hot-melt process by optimizing the type of solid surfactant carrier, the ratio of drug to solid surfactant, and the type and ratio of flow-enhancing excipients. The optimized composition was TPZ:TPGS:microcrystalline cellulose = 1:2:4 (w/w/w). Solid-state analyses revealed that TPZ was uniformly dispersed within the granules while retaining its crystalline form. Compared to the raw drug, the MG showed remarkably faster and higher dissolution across both acidic and neutral media. Under long-term (25 °C/60% RH) and accelerated storage conditions (40 °C/75% RH) for 24 weeks, MG exhibited robust physicochemical stability, showing no drug degradation, changes in dissolution behavior, or crystalline alterations. Moreover, in a pharmacokinetic evaluation in Sprague-Dawley rats, MG provided marked absorption enhancement, yielding over 1.8-fold increases in exposure compared to the raw material. Consequently, the crystalline drug-loaded TPGS-based MG represents a promising strategy for improving the oral delivery of TPZ.

PMID 42883150
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PubMedJournal of clinical medicine2026-10-16

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Initial Psychometric Evaluation of the Kazakh-Language Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

Aigozhina Bayan B, Tulebaeyv Rais R, Mukhamadiyeva Gulmira G, Azhenov Talapbek T et al.

Background/Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is associated with substantial impairment of the health-related quality of life. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) is one of the most widely used patient-reported outcome measures in chronic rhinosinusitis. To our knowledge, no published psychometric evaluation of a Kazakh-language SNOT-22 has previously been reported. The aim of this study was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and evaluate selected measurement properties of the Kazakh-language SNOT-22 in adults with CRSwNP. Methods: This prospective single-center study included 151 participants: 101 patients with CRSwNP (vitamin D supplementation group, n = 50; standard-treatment group, n = 51) and 50 healthy volunteers. Both patient groups underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and received topical glucocorticosteroids; adjunctive vitamin D was administered only in the vitamin D supplementation group according to the prespecified protocol. Cross-cultural adaptation was conducted according to ISPOR recommendations. The selected measurement properties examined were internal consistency, known-group validity, responsiveness, and exploratory associations with Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores. Test-retest reliability and structural validity were not assessed. Results: Baseline SNOT-22 scores were substantially higher in patients with CRSwNP than in healthy volunteers (p < 0.001), although the interpretation of this known-group comparison is limited by significant age and sex imbalance between groups. In the combined target CRSwNP sample with complete item-level data (n = 99), Cronbach's alpha was 0.921. Subgroup coefficients were 0.901 in the vitamin D supplementation group and 0.934 in the standard-treatment group, while the coefficient in healthy volunteers was 0.891. After one month, SNOT-22 scores decreased substantially in both patient groups (both p < 0.001), supporting the instrument's ability to detect change over time. Baseline correlations with Lund-Kennedy scores were very weak and non-significant; stronger correlations were observed only after treatment. Conclusions: The Kazakh-language SNOT-22 showed promising initial measurement properties, including high internal consistency and the ability to distinguish patients from healthy volunteers and to detect longitudinal score changes. However, the psychometric evaluation remains incomplete because test-retest reliability, measurement error, and structural validity were not assessed, and evidence for convergent validity was limited. Further validation in larger, demographically balanced samples is required.

PMID 42881845
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PubMedFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Production Yield and Meat Quality Characteristics of Six Pork Head Cuts from Commercial Crossbred Pigs.

Jo Kyung K, Hoa Van Ba VB, Jung Suk Han SH, Kim Dong-Gyun DG et al.

Although pork head meat is an edible resource, information on the quality of individual cuts remains limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of slaughter weight on the yields of pork heads and individual pork head cuts, and evaluated the physicochemical properties of individual cuts using 150 commercial crossbred pigs. The quality properties of occipital, cheek, nasal, temporal, jowl, and sublingual meat obtained from pigs in the 110-119 kg slaughter weight group were analyzed. As slaughter weight increased, the absolute yields of pork head and individual head cuts increased, whereas their relative yields did not differ significantly among the slaughter weight groups. Individual pork head cuts also exhibited different quality properties. Nasal and sublingual meats had high pH values, a* values, total myoglobin content, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportions, whereas jowl meat had high fat content, L* values, low total myoglobin content, high monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) proportion, and low PUFA proportion. These results suggest that individual pork head cuts have distinct properties and provide baseline information for quality evaluation and utilization.

PMID 42883474
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