Drug Database
NI

nitroglycerin (GoNitro)

✓ Approved

G. Pohl-Boskamp · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is nitroglycerin?

nitroglycerin is a small molecule developed by G. Pohl-Boskamp. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po) or sublingual (sl)/oral transmucosal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesGoNitro
CompanyG. Pohl-Boskamp
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO), Sublingual (SL)/Oral Transmucosal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, G. Pohl-Boskamp

Therapeutic Indications

nitroglycerin is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersAngina pectoris✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedClinical neuropharmacology2026-09-18

Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled and Sublingual Apomorphine for On‑Demand Treatment of OFF Episodes in Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Exploratory Network Comparison.

Pitton Rissardo Jamir J, Vargas Rojas Jorge Luis JL, Aristizabal Marin Juan J, Fornari Caprara Ana Leticia AL

OFF episodes are a major source of disability in Parkinson disease (PD). Noninjectable apomorphine formulations, including inhaled (INH) and sublingual (SL) delivery systems, provide rapid dopaminergic stimulation for on-demand symptom relief. However, their efficacy and safety remain incompletely characterized. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized parallel-group and crossover trials evaluating inhaled or sublingual apomorphine for OFF episodes in PD. The primary outcome was change from baseline in MDS-UPDRS III scores at 30 and 60 minutes post-dose, pooled as mean differences (MD). Safety outcomes were summarized as risk ratios (RR). Random-effects models were applied when substantial heterogeneity was present. PROSPERO (CRD420261440116). Four randomized controlled trials (n=406) were included. At 30 minutes, noninjectable apomorphine significantly improved motor function compared with control interventions (MD: -11.66 points, 95% CI: -17.56 to -5.76; I2= 92%). A similar effect was observed at 60 minutes (MD: -13.03 points, 95% CI: -20.75 to -5.31; I2=87%). Formulation type was not a significant moderator of treatment effect, although subgroup analyses suggested greater persistence of benefit with SL formulations at 60 minutes. Somnolence/fatigue (RR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.11-4.31) and yawning (RR: 3.90, 95% CI: 1.06-14.00) were more frequent with apomorphine. Certainty of evidence for motor outcomes was moderate according to GRADE. INH and SL apomorphine provide clinically meaningful short-term motor improvement during OFF episodes in PD. Despite substantial heterogeneity, these findings support their use as effective on-demand therapies and highlight the need for individualized treatment strategies and further comparative-effectiveness research.

PMID 42757652
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PubMedFrontiers in allergy2026-09-18

Genes and cells associated with sublingual allergen immunotherapy revealed by integrated transcriptome analysis in allergic rhinitis patients.

Li Zhengqi Z, Hou Yilin Y, Li Hang H, Ji Ding D et al.

Sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT) is known as an effective therapy for allergic rhinitis (AR), although its efficacy varies across different treatment duration and individuals. The factors associated with the duration and response of SLIT need to be explored. Twenty-seven AR patients undergoing SLIT and three healthy volunteers were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated for RNA sequencing, and key results were further examined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in available PBMC samples. Time-correlated and response-associated genes were identified and analyzed using bioinformatic tools. The data were further integrated with single-cell transcriptome. We first identified 164 genes significantly correlated with SLIT duration. The expressions of genes associated with immunoregulation, nitric oxide and serotonin transportation were regulated as the treatment proceeded. qPCR validation further showed a significant positive correlation between SLC6A4 expression and SLIT duration, while SH2D1B and ARG1 showed positive trends. Then, we identified 257 up-regulated and 349 down-regulated genes in SLIT responders. Several pathways were enriched in these genes, including interferon signaling (up-regulated in responders) and granulocytes migration (down-regulated in responders). Single-cell and deconvolution analyses suggested that natural killer cell-associated signals may associate with SLIT efficacy, potentially in relation to T-cell-regulatory and eosinophil-migration-related transcriptional programs. This study revealed potential genes and cells associated with SLIT duration and response. Regulation of T cells and NK cells may play a crucial role in the successful treatment responses. Further studies are required to validate these findings and assess their clinical relevance.

PMID 42755715
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PubMedBMJ open2026-09-18

In situ exploration of endothelial function in vasoplegic syndrome after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: protocol for a single-centre prospective cohort study - the Vasoshock study.

Ferry Nicolas N, Renard Domitille D, Gillibert André A, Clavier Thomas T et al.

Vasoplegic syndrome (VS) is a severe complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), characterised by vasodilation, hypotension and vasopressor dependence. Endothelial dysfunction, dysregulated nitric oxide signalling, inflammation and glycocalyx injury may contribute. Combining flow-mediated dilation (FMD), sublingual side-stream dark-field (SDF) imaging and biomarkers may improve postoperative vascular phenotyping. The primary objective is to compare allometrically corrected brachial artery FMD between patients with VS and patients without VS 48 hours after CPB weaning. This prospective, single-centre observational cohort study will enrol 124 adults aged 18-80 years undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB (62 VS and 62 non-VS). VS is defined clinically as norepinephrine bitartrate ≥0.05 µg/kg/min for at least 4 hours to maintain mean arterial pressure ≥65 mm Hg after CPB weaning, following haemodynamic optimisation and exclusion of a predominant low-cardiac-output phenotype or another cause of shock. FMD, SDF imaging and biomarkers will be assessed at 4-8 and 48 hours after CPB weaning. The primary comparison will use multiple linear regression for corrected FMD at 48 hours with prespecified covariate adjustment. Secondary and exploratory analyses will assess SDF-derived parameters, biomarkers and associations across modalities. The protocol was approved by the Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Méditerranée III (CPP Sud-Méditerranée III; 2023-A02079-36). For this non-interventional routine-care study, French law requires prior oral and written information and absence of opposition rather than written consent; absence of opposition will be documented. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences. NCT06318689.

PMID 42760087
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-09-18

Efficacy of house dust mite allergen immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis: a network meta-analysis based on component-resolved classification.

Guo Shuo S, Wang Kun K, Shi Yawen Y, Hong Fei F et al.

House dust mite allergen immunotherapy (HDM-AIT) trials in allergic rhinitis show substantial efficacy heterogeneity, traditionally evaluated by administration route. Whether clinical efficacy differs among HDM-AIT preparations with different allergen compositional breadth remains unclear. To compare HDM-AIT efficacy using a component-resolved framework that stratifies preparations by allergen compositional breadth. We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL for double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trials of HDM-AIT lasting at least 12 months. Interventions were classified as comprehensive-component subcutaneous immunotherapy (CC-SCIT), major-component-dominant subcutaneous immunotherapy (MCD-SCIT), or major-component-dominant sublingual immunotherapy tablet (MCD-SLIT-tablet) using a prespecified component-resolved framework in which the breadth of treatment-induced component-specific IgG4 responses served as the primary node-defining criterion, with component-specific IgG and proteomic evidence used as supportive evidence. Frequentist pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analyses were performed. The primary outcome was symptom score; secondary outcomes were medication score and combined symptom and medication score. Sixteen trials involving 7,329 participants were included. For symptom score, CC-SCIT showed the most favorable estimated treatment effect versus placebo (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.40; 95% credible interval [CrI], -0.73 to -0.11; surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA], 82.6%), while MCD-SLIT-tablet showed a more precise estimate supported by a larger evidence base (SMD, -0.30; 95% CrI, -0.41 to -0.20; SUCRA, 60.7%). For medication score, CC-SCIT (SMD, -0.40; 95% CrI, -0.81 to 0.00; SUCRA, 79.8%) and MCD-SCIT (SMD, -0.38; 95% CrI, -0.72 to -0.05; SUCRA, 78.5%) showed similar estimated effects, whereas MCD-SLIT-tablet showed a smaller but more precise effect (SMD, -0.15; 95% CrI, -0.28 to 0.00; SUCRA, 39.9%). For combined symptom and medication score, CC-SCIT showed the largest estimated effect versus placebo (SMD, -0.84; 95% CrI, -1.53 to -0.37; SUCRA, 99.5%). The network was star-shaped, and comparisons among non-placebo treatment nodes were indirect. Posterior rank distributions also indicated uncertainty in the relative ordering of the treatment nodes, particularly those supported by fewer trials. Reported immunologic and compositional profiles of HDM-AIT preparations were associated with variability in trial-level efficacy estimates. These findings support product-level molecular characterization and direct comparative studies as priorities for future precision AIT. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/, CRD420261307571.

PMID 42755948
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PubMedThe World Allergy Organization journal2026-09-18

CRD-guided step-up care for pediatric dust mite allergy: A systematic review of evidence gaps and global disparities (2014-2025).

Yang Wei W, Wang Peiqin P, Wan Zhi Z, Meng Lingjuan L et al.

The management of house dust mite (HDM) allergies in children is evolving with new evidence for precision diagnosis and therapies. However, global disparities in resource availability and regional variations in sensitization profiles challenge the implementation of optimal care. To synthesize the latest evidence (2014-2025) and propose a component-resolved diagnosis (CRD)-guided stepped-care framework for pediatric HDM allergies, addressing evidence gaps and global health disparities. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, cohort studies, and clinical guidelines. Two reviewers independently screened records, assessed eligibility, and extracted data. Of 3371 records identified, 92 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The outcomes included the efficacy and safety of environmental controls, immunotherapy (sublingual [SLIT] vs subcutaneous [SCIT]), biologics, and the role of CRD. A narrative synthesis was performed because of substantial clinical heterogeneity across studies, supplemented by recent meta-analyses in a quantitative context. Individual studies reported short-term Der p 1 reductions of 45-60% with physical interventions; however, a meta-analysis of 17 Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) revealed that these reductions were insufficient to improve clinical outcomes, and long-term adherence remained poor (<42%). Compared with SCIT, SLIT demonstrated a superior safety profile (local reactions <10%) and lower systemic reaction risk (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.8-3.8), whereas SCIT was more effective in polysensitized children (symptom remission: 40% vs. 25%; RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.12-2.28). Omalizumab improved lung function (FEV1: +12.5%, p < 0.01) in patients with severe asthma, but its high cost (∼$30,000/year) limited patient access. CRD identified Der p 23 as a key biomarker for asthma severity (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.8) and revealed distinct geographic sensitization patterns-such as Der p 1 predominance in Asia versus Der p 23 in Europe. These observations raise the hypothesis that regionally tailored immunotherapy formulations could improve outcomes, although this hypothesis requires prospective validation through multinational clinical trials. Based on the synthesized evidence, this review outlines a preliminary CRD-guided, stepped-care framework that integrates molecular sensitization profiles with clinical phenotype and resource availability. This conceptual model seeks to move beyond conventional one-size-fits-all approaches by proposing resource-stratified pathways that prioritize cost-effective strategies in resource-limited settings while reserving intensive therapies for high-risk subgroups. However, the framework remains conceptual and requires prospective validation in diverse clinical and socioeconomic settings before its utility for addressing global health disparities can be assessed. Future priorities include gathering long-term biologic safety data, conducting real-world cost-effectiveness analyses, and developing globally harmonized, resource-sensitive guidelines.

PMID 42756976
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PubMedPhotobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery2026-09-17

Photobiomodulation and Migraine: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

Machado Lucas da Silva LDS, Schwartz Allan Yukawa AY, Lizarelli Rosane de Fátima Zanirato RFZ, Salgado Afonso Shiguemi Inoue ASI et al.

Background: Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disorder involving mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, altered cortical excitability, and neurovascular dysregulation. Photobiomodulation, a noninvasive intervention based on red or near-infrared light, has emerged as a promising strategy due to its multimodal biological effects.Objective: This narrative review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation in migraine.Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE for studies published up to June 2026, focusing on photobiomodulation, low-level laser therapy, migraine, headache, and related biological mechanisms.Results: Mechanistic evidence indicates that photobiomodulation enhances mitochondrial respiration, increases ATP production, restores redox homeostasis, and modulates nitric oxide signaling, contributing to improved cerebral perfusion and neurovascular coupling. In addition, photobiomodulation attenuates neuroinflammatory responses by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial activation while promoting neuroplasticity and cortical homeostasis. Preclinical models relevant to migraine, including trigeminovascular activation, nitroglycerin-induced hypersensitivity, and cortical spreading depression, support its translational plausibility by demonstrating reductions in hyperalgesia, oxidative stress, and neural inflammation.Conclusion: Although migraine-specific evidence remains limited, photobiomodulation represents a safe and potentially disease-modifying therapeutic approach. Future controlled clinical trials are needed to determine optimal stimulation parameters and clinical efficacy in migraine management.

PMID 42751720
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