Drug Database
AD

AD-206 (AD 206 / AD206)

✓ Approved

Addpharma · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is AD-206?

AD-206 is a small molecule developed by Addpharma. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAD 206, AD206
CompanyAddpharma
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Addpharma

Therapeutic Indications

AD-206 is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Gastrointestinal disordersGastrooesophageal reflux disease✓ Approved
Gastrointestinal disordersGastrointestinal disorderPhase I

Related Research Articles

PubMedIranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR2026-09-20

Protective Effect of Soy Lecithin Liposomes in Oxazolone-Induced Dermatitis in a Mouse Model: A Comparative Evaluation.

Partoazar Alireza A, Alemi Maryam M, Mirzaee Saffari Partow P, Eskandary Nasab Maryam M et al.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense itching, severe erosion, and rashes on the skin surface. Prolonged AD may cause hemorrhage and secondary infections due to scratching. This study aimed to investigate the anti-AD effects of soy lecithin (SL) applied topically to oxazolone (OX)-treated skin in a mouse model. The effects of SL and hydrocortisone (HC), used as the standard drug, on behavioral responses such as scratching and grooming were evaluated during a 35-day trial. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the cytokines TNFα and IL8 were also evaluated in the skin of the treated mice. Topical administration of SL showed efficacy comparable to that of HC and significantly alleviated itching and grooming behaviors in eczematous animals. Topical SL also improved symptoms, including skin erythema, scarring, and edema, as well as histopathological parameters in AD mice. IHC analysis indicated that SL administration effectively reduced tissue levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL8 in AD mice. Topical SL significantly improved AD severity in an OX-induced mouse model of AD. These results support further preclinical studies before clinical investigations in humans are undertaken.

PMID 42763650
Read full article →
PubMedFASEB bioAdvances2026-09-20

Glial and Vascular Plasma Biomarkers Across the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum: An ADNI-Based Longitudinal Study.

Jahanbin Khodakaram K, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly recognized as a multicellular disorder involving neurovascular unit dysfunction. Investigating glial and vascular biomarkers together may provide a more integrated view of AD biology. This study characterized baseline distributions, interrelationships, and longitudinal trajectories of plasma glial (GFAP, sTREM2) and vascular/endothelial (VEGF, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) biomarkers across the AD continuum. Using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, this retrospective longitudinal cohort study included a covariate-complete clinical cohort of 2650 participants classified as cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or AD dementia. Biomarker-specific analytic samples were determined by assay availability and complete-case requirements. Associations were evaluated using covariate-adjusted linear regression and linear mixed-effects models with participant random intercepts, adjusted for baseline age, sex, education, and APOE ε4 status. Vascular models were additionally refitted with body mass index, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive and antidiabetic medication use, smoking history, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Baseline GFAP showed a robust stepwise elevation from CU to MCI to AD (56.3% higher in AD than CU, q = 1.7 × 10-14; area under the curve 0.82), whereas sTREM2 distributions overlapped across groups. VEGF and sVCAM-1 were higher in AD than CU (14.1%, q = 0.014; 14.7%, q = 0.002), with areas under the curve of 0.61 and 0.63 and more than 80% distribution overlap. GFAP increased by 4.50% per year in CU participants and sTREM2 by 2.99% per year, with no significant diagnosis-by-time interactions for either. Over a 12-month interval, sICAM-1 declined in CU participants, and this decline was attenuated in MCI and AD, while sVCAM-1 increased in CU participants and showed negative diagnosis-by-time interactions. The vascular longitudinal findings were unchanged by adjustment for cardiometabolic and renal covariates, by time-varying diagnosis, and by separating stable MCI from MCI-to-AD converters. Correlations among vascular markers were consistent and well estimated, whereas glial-vascular correlations were based on 64 to 94 overlapping participants and were not significant. Glial and vascular plasma biomarkers did not progress synchronously across the AD continuum. GFAP showed the strongest and most discriminating diagnosis-associated elevation. Vascular markers showed statistically robust but small group-level differences with no individual-level discriminative utility, and their divergent 12-month trajectories require replication over longer follow-up before they can be interpreted as stage-dependent regulation.

PMID 42763575
Read full article →
PubMedBiogerontology2026-09-20

Irisin-BDNF axis mediates muscle-brain communication: a complete molecular cascade and potential bidirectional feedback from peripheral activation to central protection.

Duan Xiuyan X, Chen Zixuan Z, Tong Xiangli X, Li Xuan X et al.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by cognitive decline, with core pathological mechanisms including β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and impaired synaptic plasticity. Although exercise has neuroprotective effects, the molecular mechanisms by which it mediates peripheral-central communication remain unclear. The concept of the 'muscle-brain dialogue' offers a new perspective on this process. irisin, secreted by skeletal muscle in response to exercise, forms a molecular link between peripheral exercise and central neuroprotection by specifically regulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This review summarizes the molecular cascade mechanisms of the irisin-BDNF axis in mediating the muscle-brain dialogue: Irisin is synthesized via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α)/fibronectin domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) pathway. Current evidence suggests that peripheral irisin may communicate with the central nervous system through mechanisms related to the blood-brain barrier, including potential αVβ5 integrin-mediated interactions, thereby participating in the regulation of BDNF. As a core effector molecule, BDNF improves cognitive decline in AD by enhancing neuroplasticity, reducing Aβ deposition, inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation, and alleviating neuroinflammation. However, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with AD pathology negatively regulate this axis, creating a vicious cycle. Therefore, this paper explores potential intervention strategies and the prospects for future translational research, including upstream exercise interventions, midstream barrier-crossing enhancing peptides, and downstream small-molecule TrkB agonists. Targeting this axis provides a new theoretical foundation and translational direction for the early prevention and treatment of AD, as well as for drug development.

PMID 42763350
Read full article →
PubMedBioinformatics advances2026-09-20

annoreport: an interactive tool for metagenome annotation.

Ridge Kepler K, Adams Byron J BJ

Gene annotation of metagenome-assembled genomes is a critical step in determining the functional potential of microbial communities from environmental samples. However, annotation workflows using tools such as Prokka or Bakta produce per-bin output with 10 to 14 files per bin, making manual review infeasible at scale. Existing tools incompletely aggregate and visualize gene annotation content across an entire metagenomic dataset. Here we present annoreport, a single-script Python tool requiring no external dependencies beyond Python 3.9+ that accepts output from either Prokka or Bakta, automatically detecting the annotation tool used. annoreport produces an interactive web-based report summarizing gene product frequencies, hypothetical protein rates, feature type distributions, and functional gene clustering via UniProt annotation across all bins. Applied to 206 metagenome-assembled genomes from Antarctic soil metagenomes, annoreport identified 603,799 coding sequences with a 47.1% annotation rate and revealed functional categorization in Transport & Membrane, Nucleotide Binding, and DNA Metabolism categories. Freely available at https://github.com/keplerridge/annoreport under MIT license, via Bioconda (annoreport) and PyPI (annoreport).

PMID 42763764
Read full article →
PubMedPsychopharmacology bulletin2026-09-20

Auvelity (Dextromethorphan-Bupropion) for Agitation and Aggression in Alzheimer's Disease Dementia: Mechanism, Efficacy, Safety, and Clinical Considerations.

Sarangal Mridul M, Sarangal Charmi C, Vora Jay J, Soni Karishma K

Agitation and aggression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are highly distressing behavioral symptoms traditionally managed with off-label atypical antipsychotics, despite boxed warnings for increased mortality in elderly patients. The emergence of Auvelity (dextromethorphan-bupropion) provides a critical, non-antipsychotic therapeutic alternative. This combination utilizes bupropion as a CYP2D6 inhibitor to achieve therapeutic central nervous system concentrations of dextromethorphan. Dextromethorphan acts as an uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and sigma-1 receptor agonist, bypassing dopaminergic blockade to promote synaptic plasticity via glutamatergic and monoaminergic modulation. Key clinical trials (ADVANCE-1 and ACCORD) demonstrate that dextromethorphan-bupropion produces rapid, statistically significant reductions in Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) scores. Furthermore, it offers robust long-term maintenance, demonstrating a 3.6-fold lower risk of agitation relapse compared to placebo. The combination therapy was generally well-tolerated in trials, successfully avoiding the sedation, cognitive blunting, and heightened fall risks characteristic of antipsychotics. Clinicians must, however, monitor for blood pressure changes and potential CYP2D6 drug-drug interactions. Dextromethorphan-bupropion represents a highly efficacious, safer paradigm shift in the pharmacological management of AD-associated agitation, offering targeted symptom relief while minimizing the severe risks associated with standard antipsychotic use.

PMID 42763636
Read full article →
PubMedIn vitro models2026-09-20

Platelet-rich plasma as a xeno-free alternative to fetal bovine serum for in vitro expansion of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and isolation of extracellular vesicles.

Campos Ana Carolina Borges ACB, de Monção Anne Moraes AM, Haddad Natália Ferreira NF, da Silva-Junior Almir Jordão AJ et al.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles that mediate cell signaling through miRNAs and bioactive molecules. The therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) partly arise from their EV secretion. While MSCs are usually cultured with fetal bovine serum (FBS), platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may serve as an alternative, though its impact on EV release remains unclear. This study evaluates EV secretion by adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) cultured with PRP instead of FBS. AD-MSCs were cultured for 72 h in media supplemented with 10% FBS and 2.5% PRP. After 24 h without supplementation, EVs were isolated from the supernatant (n = 3 each) by ultracentrifugation (Type 70 Ti Fixed-Angle Rotor). Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) indicated that it was feasible to isolate similar amounts of EVs from the MSCs culture supernatant when supplemented with 10% FBS compared to supplementation with 2.5% PRP (p > 0.05). In addition, isolated EVs were similar in size in both scenarios, with means between 100 and 200 nm (p > 0.05). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed no significant morphological changes between the EVs of the groups supplemented with PRP and FBS. Western blot was positively marked for TSG101 and CD81 proteins. Our findings suggest that PRP is a promising xeno-free alternative under the tested conditions, preserving basic EV characteristics and secretion profile, although further validation is required.

PMID 42763487
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about AD-206