Drug Database
EX

Extra (Extra)

✓ Approved

Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · therapeutic agent

What is Extra?

Extra is a therapeutic agent developed by Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via others.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesExtra
CompanyAstex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
RouteOthers
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Therapeutic Indications

Extra is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresOral appliance application✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedCureus2026-09-20

Neomembrane Formation Suggestive of an Organized Chronic Subdural Hematoma: An Incidental Cadaveric Finding.

Xalxo Neha N, Ratanpara Lalit L, Chauhan Pradip R PR, Charmode Sundip S et al.

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is an extra-axial lesion characterized by progressive organization and neomembrane formation. Although commonly diagnosed clinically, it may occasionally remain asymptomatic and be identified incidentally. During routine cadaveric dissection for undergraduate teaching, an unusual meningeal finding was observed in the cranial cavity of a 67-year-old male cadaver with no available clinical history. Gross examination revealed two thick, gray-white, well-organized membranous structures over the convexity of the left cerebral hemisphere, deep to the meningeal layer of the dura mater and superficial to the intact arachnoid mater, producing localized compression of the underlying parietal lobe. Histological evaluation demonstrated a multilayered neomembranous architecture with dense fibrocollagenous tissue, fibrovascular proliferation, organizing hematoma, and prominent neovascularization. This cadaveric gross and histological correlation highlights the structural organization of a lesion suggestive of an organized cSDH and may contribute to understanding the structural evolution of cSDH.

PMID 42763760
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PubMedOrthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR2026-09-19

Trends in Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction and Lateral Extra-Articular Tenodesis With Primary ACL Reconstruction: A Retrospective Registry-Based Cohort Study From The SFA-ACL Registry Study Group.

Rocha Miguel Afonso MA, Fayard Jean-Marie JM, Vieira Thais Dutra TD, Bouguennec Nicolas N et al.

The recent establishment of the SFA datalake represents a major step forward for the French Arthroscopy Society, providing a large-scale, structured platform designed to describe current practices and monitor emerging surgical trends. Lateral extra-articular procedures (LEAPs) performed alongside Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACL-R) have recently become increasingly popular in France, driven by renewed interest in the role of anterolateral structures in the ACL deficient knee. However there the practices of such technique are not known, justifying the register to assess: 1) the trend in usage of these procedures, 2) if they were more frequently applied according to surgeon volume and meniscal repair strategies. We hypothesized that extra-articular procedures, particularly anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) and lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET), are increasingly adopted in primary ACLR across France and associated with surgeon volume and meniscal repair strategies. We performed a retrospective analysis of the French Arthroscopic Society (SFA) ACL Registry from December 2021 to October 2024. A total of 8,407 patients undergoing primary ACLR were included. The primary objective was to report the proportion of ACLRs performed with a lateral extra-articular procedure (LEAP) and to describe its evolution over time and associated trends. Secondary objectives were to evaluate associations between LEAP and patient demographics, graft choice, meniscal repair, and surgeon volume. Among 8,407 ACLRs, 82.5% (n = 6,932) were combined with a LEAP. The rate increased significantly over the study period, from 79.6% (n = 515/647) in 2021 to 88.8% (n = 1,848/2,081) in 2024 (p < 0.0001). LEAPs were more frequent in younger, more active patients with higher preoperative laxity and pivot-shift grades (p < 0.0001). High-volume surgeons (≥50 ACLRs/year) performed more LEAPs (83.5%, n = 4,971/5,952 vs. 73.2%, n = 1,961/2,679 (p < 0.0001)) and preferred ALLR (87.4%, n = 5,452/6,932) over Lemaire procedures (8.4%, n = 524/6,932) (p < 0.0001). Meniscal repair was more frequent with LEAP, especially for ramp lesions, which were systematically recorded from 2023 onward and were identified in 41.1% (n = 1,343/3,265) of medial tears and repaired in 44.9% (n = 3,112/6,932) of patients undergoing LEAP compared with 21.3% (n = 310/1,455) in the non-LEAP group (p < 0.0001). Our findings demonstrate a widespread adoption of ALLR and LET in primary ACL reconstruction in France. This evolution likely reflects growing recognition of their potential role in improving stability, with possible implications for graft failure rates. High-volume surgeons were more likely to use LEAPs, with greater emphasis on meniscal preservation, particularly ramp repair. These results highlight an important evolution in ACL surgical practice in France, with extra-articular procedures now integrated into routine practice, and emphasize the need for ongoing follow-up and long-term comparative studies to refine indications and confirm outcomes. IV; Retrospective cohort study.

PMID 42762868
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PubMedInternational journal of surgical pathology2026-09-19

Intra-Articular Extra-Synovial Venous-Type Synovial Haemangioma of the Knee in a Young Adult: Case Report and Literature Review of This Frequently Misdiagnosed Lesion.

Pena-Burgos Eva Manuela EM, Millán Arredondo Ignacio I, da Costa Gloria Mathilde de Andrade MA, Tejerizo García Alfonso A et al.

ObjectiveTo report a rare lesion, an intra-articular extra-synovial venous-type synovial haemangioma of the knee in a young adult and to review the relevant literature on this frequently misdiagnosed entity.Case reportA 21-year-old man presented with recurrent knee effusions and pain over several years. Imaging studies revealed a well-defined, intra-articular, extra-synovial soft-tissue mass located in the anteromedial compartment of the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated multiple tubular structures with high signal intensity on T2- and short tau inversion recovery (STIR)-weighted images and intense, homogeneous contrast enhancement, consistent with a vascular lesion. Surgical excision was performed, and histopathological analysis confirmed a venous-type synovial haemangioma, characterized by large-calibre vascular channels lined by bland endothelial cells and containing organizing thrombi. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient remained disease-free at 6 months of follow-up.ConclusionSynovial haemangioma, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent knee effusions in young patients. It may mimic other benign or malignant periarticular lesions. MRI plays a key role in the evaluation, and the diagnosis can be strongly suggested by imaging, but histopathological confirmation remains essential for accurate characterization and appropriate management.

PMID 42762197
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PubMedThe Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons2026-09-19

NEGLECTED SEYMOUR FRACTURES OF THE HALLUX IN CHILDREN: FIXATION VERSUS NO FIXATION, AND TRANSARTICULAR VERSUS EXTRA-ARTICULAR TECHNIQUE.

Demir Ibrahim Halil IH, Gonder Nevzat N, Unat Beytullah B, Erol Ramazan R et al.

Open Seymour fractures of the hallux, distinct from closed physeal injuries, lack a clear optimal stabilization strategy when presentation is delayed. To compare reduction maintenance and recovery of interphalangeal (IP) motion after three operative strategies for neglected, open hallux Seymour fractures. Retrospective comparative cohort study. Forty-four children presenting more than 48 hours after injury underwent irrigation, debridement, and nail bed repair, with transarticular fixation (TFx, n=16), extra-articular crossed-wire fixation (EFx, n=17), or no skeletal fixation (NoFx, n=11). Minimum follow-up was 12 months. Categorical outcomes were compared with exact tests; continuous outcomes with Kruskal-Wallis tests and adjusted pairwise comparisons. Loss of reduction occurred in 5/11 NoFx patients versus 0/33 fixed patients (p < 0.001). Median time to full IP motion was 77 days in TFx versus 56 days in both EFx and NoFx (TFx vs EFx, p = 0.002 after adjustment). Physeal alteration occurred in 3/16 TFx, 3/17 EFx, and 7/11 NoFx patients (overall p = 0.027), though pairwise comparisons were not significant. All 5 patients with loss of reduction had physeal alteration, versus 8/39 without (exploratory p = 0.001). Osteomyelitis occurred in 12/44 patients and correlated with longer treatment delay. Fixation was associated with maintained reduction in this neglected, open-injury cohort. Extra-articular fixation showed earlier recovery of full IP motion than transarticular fixation, with no loss of reduction in either fixed group. These findings support joint-sparing fixation when feasible but do not establish causal superiority or identify which fractures may safely remain unfixed. Level III, retrospective comparative study.

PMID 42763045
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PubMedEuropean archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry2026-09-19

Parents' knowledge of emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth in Sweden: a cross-sectional questionnaire study.

Malak A A, Issa R R, Wikström A A, Tewari N N et al.

Traumatic dental injuries are common in children and adolescents, and timely emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth is critical for prognosis. Parents are often first responders, yet evidence regarding parental knowledge in Sweden is limited. This study assessed knowledge of the emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth in a Swedish cohort of parents and explored factors associated with knowledge level. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted amongst parents attending a tertiary paediatric dental clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. The questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, prior exposure to dental-trauma information, and knowledge of emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth. A composite knowledge score was calculated and analysed descriptively and using logistic regression. A total of 168 parents participated. Overall, 54.2% had insufficient knowledge, whilst 45.8% had sufficient knowledge using the analytical threshold of ≥ 50% correct responses. Only 44.6% knew that replantation of a permanent tooth is possible, 28.5% selected rinsing under running water as the correct cleaning method, and 18.3% selected milk as an appropriate storage medium. Prior exposure to information was associated with sufficient knowledge. In multivariable analysis, university education remained associated with sufficient knowledge. This Swedish cohort of parents showed limited knowledge of emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth, particularly regarding replantation, cleaning, extra-oral time, and storage media. Educational initiatives through dental clinics and digital platforms may improve parental preparedness, but broader population-based studies are needed.

PMID 42760413
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PubMedAutoimmunity reviews2026-09-19

Difficult-to- manage and treatment refractory axial Spondyloarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and determinants.

Rana Salieva S, Aizhamal Esengeldi Kyzy EK, Gulburak Taalaibek Kyzy TK, Abdimutalib Mamasaidov M

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence on the prevalence and determinants of difficult-to-manage (D2M) and treatment-refractory (TR) axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). A comprehensive literature search (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) identified studies published from inception to August 2026. ASAS-aligned studies requiring failure of ≥2 b/tsDMARDs with different mechanisms plus persistent disease activity were included. Random-effects meta-analyses pooled prevalence estimates, odds ratios (ORs) for binary determinants, and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for continuous measures. Among 11 ASAS-aligned studies (5648 patients), pooled D2M-axSpA prevalence was 10.1% (95% CI 8.2-11.8%; I2 = 66%), with prospective multicenter studies yielding a stable estimate of 9-10%. Fibromyalgia was most strongly associated with D2M status (OR 3.32 [95% CI 1.93-5.72]), followed by HLA-B27 positivity (OR 1.74 [1.33-2.28]) and smoking (OR 1.31 [1.13-1.51]). Female sex showed no significant association (OR 1.42 [0.93-2.18]; I2 = 75.7%). Higher baseline BASDAI scores were observed in D2M patients; associations with age and disease duration were inconsistent. Extra-musculoskeletal manifestations showed non-significant trends. D2M-axSpA affects approximately one in ten patients, with true treatment-refractory disease representing a smaller subset. Fibromyalgia, smoking, and HLA-B27 positivity emerged as key associated factors, though cross-sectional designs preclude causal inference. These findings support the distinction between inflammatory and non-inflammatory mechanisms of persistent disease burden to guide clinical management.

PMID 42763066
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