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tetracaine + lidocaine (Pliaglis / TetraPeel / Pliaglis)

✓ Approved

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · SCN9A · Small Molecule

What is tetracaine + lidocaine?

tetracaine + lidocaine is a small molecule developed by Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesPliaglis, TetraPeel, Pliaglis
CompanySun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetSCN9A
RouteTopical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

tetracaine + lidocaine acts on 1 molecular target:

SCN9Asodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9 (SFNP, GEFSP7)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

tetracaine + lidocaine is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersAnaesthesia✓ Approved
Nervous system disordersSensory loss✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedTurkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation2026-10-16

Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy Between Opioid-free Anaesthesia Using Intravenous Magnesium, Lidocaine, and Erector Spinae Plane Block, and Opioid-based Anaesthesia in Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgeries: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Vj Jerfiha J, Vaithiyalingam Ezhilrajan E, Johny Pradeesh P

Opioid-based anaesthesia is a standard practice in laparoscopic surgeries. However, it is associated with adverse effects that can limit its use. To address these issues, opioid-free anaesthesia has been introduced as an alternative. This study aims to compare the analgesic efficacy of opioid-free anaesthesia, incorporating magnesium, lidocaine, and an erector spinae plane block (ESPB), with traditional opioid-based anaesthesia during laparoscopic procedures. Seventy patients aged 18-60 years undergoing laparoscopic surgery were randomly divided into two groups of 35 each. Opioid-free group received opioid-free anaesthesia, which included an intravenous (IV) bolus of 2 g magnesium, a continuous lidocaine infusion at 1.5 mg kg-1 hr-1, and a bilateral ESPB with 25 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine. Opioid-based group received opioid-based anaesthesia with an IV dose of 2 μg kg-1 fentanyl. Postoperative pain and the need for rescue analgesia were assessed for 24 h. Perioperative haemodynamic parameters were recorded, and the incidence of postoperative complications, including sedation, nausea, vomiting, and shivering, was monitored for 24 h. Pain scores were significantly lower in the opioid-free group compared to the opioid-based group at 0 h (P < 0.001), 2 h (P < 0.001), and 4 h (P=0.005) postoperatively. The opioid-based group required rescue analgesia more frequently (P < 0.001). Additionally, the incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the opioid-free group than in the opioid-based group (P < 0.001). Haemodynamic parameters were similar between the two groups. Opioid-free anaesthesia provides superior postoperative analgesia and reduces the incidence of postoperative complications compared with opioid-based anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgery.

PMID 42885412
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Intraosseous Lidocaine Trigger Point Injection for Vertebrogenic Pain: From Molecular Principles to Clinical Applications: A Narrative Review.

Al-Zamil Mustafa M, Shnayder Natalia A NA, Petrova Marina M MM, Naprienko Margarita V MV et al.

Intraosseous lidocaine trigger point injection (LTPI) has been utilized for an extended period in the management of chronic vertebrogenic pain; yet, its molecular mechanisms and clinical efficacy require critical appraisal. This narrative review highlights the milestones of osteoreception and elucidates the molecular mechanisms driving intraosseous receptor irritation and its pivotal role in chronic pain development. Pathological vertebral bone remodeling triggers a receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) imbalance, accelerating hyperactive osteoclastogenesis. Enhanced osteoclastic vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) expression drives microenvironment acidity and intraosseous hypertension, persistently stimulating acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) and purinergic P2X2/3 receptors on intraosseous afferents. Concurrently, upregulated nerve growth factor (NGF) binds to tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), driving peripheral sensitization via transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) phosphorylation. The available clinical studies investigating intraosseous LTPI for vertebrogenic pain are scarce and heterogeneous, focusing primarily on low back pain, cervicalgia, and residual chronic pain after degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis decompression surgery. The reviewed data provide preliminary signals of potential benefit, observing a statistically significant analgesic effect of intraosseous LTPI within the studied cohorts. In two trials comparing it to intramuscular LTPI, one of which utilized a randomized controlled design, the intraosseous approach was reported to provide more pronounced short-term pain relief. However, these trials are limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous designs, and a lack of active long-term safety monitoring. Nevertheless, although current data provide promising but still limited insights, future double-blinded, multicenter randomized controlled trials are required to comprehensively establish the clinical efficacy, safety profile, and prolonged effect of intraosseous LTPI in the treatment of vertebrogenic pain.

PMID 42884176
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PubMedBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2026-10-15

Efficacy and Safety of Lidocaine Compared to Other Agents for Intrauterine Device Insertion Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pirrami Rachael G RG, Pandya Greeshma G, Islam Aminah A, Shaw Jalyn J et al.

Pain during intrauterine device (IUD) insertion remains a common barrier to use, with limited guidance on preferred pharmacological agents. Evaluate the efficacy and safety of lidocaine compared to other pharmacologic agents for reducing pain during IUD insertion. Electronic database searches were conducted in August 2025 and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1984 and August 2025. RCTs involving women or adolescents that evaluated the efficacy and safety of lidocaine versus other pharmacologic agents for reducing IUD insertion pain. Conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB-2) and meta-analysis was conducted on 5 of the 6 studies using Meta-Analysis version 4.0.2. Six studies (N = 658) compared lidocaine to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or misoprostol. Of these, two studies showed statistically significant pain reduction with lidocaine versus NSAIDs (study 1: 5.4 ± 2.8 vs. 7.3 ± 2.1, p < 0.001; study 2: 2.6 ± 0.9 vs. 4.1 ± 1.1, p < 0.001). The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant pain reduction with lidocaine overall. Lidocaine did not demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in pain. It remains unclear whether lidocaine, NSAIDs, and misoprostol are clinically comparable options. Secondary outcomes varied, and safety data were limited, highlighting the need for standardized endpoints. Further head-to-head trials are needed to guide optimal pain management for IUD insertion.

PMID 42876039
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PubMedBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2026-10-15

Adverse events associated with local anaesthetic use in musculoskeletal injection therapy: a scoping review.

Palmer Joe J, Wangikar Manasi M, Narsinghani Omisha O, Bhopalwala Sakina S et al.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a leading cause of disability worldwide and account for a substantial proportion of healthcare utilisation. Injection therapy combining corticosteroids with local anaesthetic (LA) is widely used for MSD management, including within physiotherapy practice. Despite widespread use, uncertainty remains regarding the safety profile of LAs and the potential risk of adverse events. To map the available evidence on adverse events and associated risk factors following local anaesthetic use in the management of musculoskeletal disorders. A scoping review was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and Cochrane were searched from database inception to 2025, alongside targeted grey literature searching. Studies reporting adverse effects of LAs administered for musculoskeletal conditions within physiotherapy scope of practice were included. Data were extracted by multiple reviewers and synthesised thematically. 39 sources were included. Cytotoxicity, particularly chondrotoxicity, was the most frequently reported adverse effect, appearing in 74% of included sources. Evidence indicated reduced chondrocyte viability, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis following exposure to commonly used agents such as lidocaine and bupivacaine. Systemic toxicity, allergic reactions and psychogenic responses were reported less frequently. Key risk factors included higher dose or concentration, prolonged exposure duration, continuous intra-articular infusion, patient comorbidities and accidental intravascular injection. Evidence on adverse effects of LA use in MSD management is heterogeneous but consistently highlights cytotoxicity as a potential concern. Further clinical research is required to quantify risk and guide safer injection practices.

PMID 42877127
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PubMedAesthetic surgery journal2026-10-14

A Prospective, Multicenter, Evaluator-Blind, Randomized, Comparator-Controlled Study of Belotero Intense (+), a Hyaluronic Acid Filler With Lidocaine, for Lip Augmentation.

Moradi Amir A, Gold Michael H MH, Hill David D, Dersch Hanna H et al.

Lip augmentation with hyaluronic acid (HA)-based dermal fillers is commonly performed to enhance lip volume, shape, and symmetry. The aim of this study was to establish the safety and effectiveness of Belotero Intense with lidocaine (BIL), a cohesive polydensified matrix HA filler, for lip augmentation, and demonstrate its noninferiority to Restylane Silk with lidocaine (RSL), a US FDA-approved HA filler. Patients with a Merz Lip Fullness Assessment Scale (MLFAS) rating of very thin, thin, or medium on upper and lower lips (Fitzpatrick skin type [FST] I-IV) or at least one lip (FST V or VI) were randomized 3:1 to receive BIL or RSL at baseline. Touch-up treatment was allowed at Week 4; retreatment at Week 48 was offered to BIL patients only. Primary effectiveness was assessed by a blinded evaluator using the MLFAS, and adverse events (AEs) were recorded up to 60 weeks. Belotero Intense with lidocaine achieved a Week 8 MLFAS-responder rate of 91.1% (144/158; 95% CI, 85.6-95.1), with the lower limit of the CI exceeding the prespecified 50% success criterion. The least squares mean difference in change from baseline vs RSL was 0.1 (95% CI, 0.0-0.3), meeting the prespecified noninferiority criterion (ie, lower CI limit >-0.5). Among Week 8 responders, 70/137 (51.1%) maintained improvement through Week 48 (post hoc analysis). No severe or serious related treatment-emergent AEs or unexpected AEs were reported. Belotero Intense with lidocaine is a safe and effective treatment for lip augmentation in patients with upper and/or lower lip volume deficits.

PMID 42875033
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PubMedKorean journal of anesthesiology2026-10-14

Anticholinergic rescue and quality-of-recovery data consistency in a trial of lidocaine-dexmedetomidine co-administration.

Lin Mo-Han MH, Hung Ming-Hui MH

PMID 42870506
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