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chlorhexidine dihydrochloride + dexamethasone + nystatin (Nystalocal)

✓ Approved

Medinova · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is chlorhexidine dihydrochloride + dexamethasone + nystatin?

chlorhexidine dihydrochloride + dexamethasone + nystatin is a small molecule developed by Medinova. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesNystalocal
CompanyMedinova
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteTopical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Medinova

Therapeutic Indications

chlorhexidine dihydrochloride + dexamethasone + nystatin is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
InvestigationsDermatologic examination✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsCandida infection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of clinical medicine2026-10-16

Chlorhexidine Versus Iodine-Based Skin Preparation Was Not Associated with a Significant Difference in 90-Day Infection Risk After Instrumented Degenerative Cervical or Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Batrash Firas F, Jamal Fahad F, Jasti Siddharth S, Belanger James A JA et al.

Background/Objectives: Chlorhexidine and iodine-based preparations are both widely used, and the existing literature suggests a possible advantage of chlorhexidine in clean elective surgery. Whether this extends to instrumented degenerative spine surgery is unknown. We asked whether chlorhexidine-based skin preparation reduces 90-day postoperative infection compared with iodine-based preparation after instrumented degenerative cervical or lumbar spine surgery. Methods: A retrospective TriNetX cohort study was performed among adults undergoing instrumented degenerative cervical or lumbar spine surgery. Patients were stratified by anatomic region and by preoperative preparation exposure: chlorhexidine-based versus iodine-based. Moreover, 1:1 propensity-score matching was performed within each anatomic stratum on demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), diabetes, smoking, obesity and BMI, immunosuppression, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carrier status, and index procedure codes. The primary outcome was 90-day postoperative infection. Secondary outcomes were superficial and deep surgical site infection, MRSA infection, incision and drainage, debridement, sepsis, urinary tract infection, and pneumonia. Results: After matching, the cervical cohort included 3528 patients per group and the lumbar cohort 4164 per group. Postoperative infection did not differ in the cervical cohort (1.76% vs. 1.59%; risk ratio [RR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77-1.58; p = 0.578) or the lumbar cohort (3.17% vs. 3.29%; RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.76-1.22; p = 0.757). Superficial and deep infection, MRSA infection, debridement, sepsis, urinary tract infection, and pneumonia did not differ significantly in either cohort. Conclusions: No statistically significant difference in 90-day postoperative infection was found between chlorhexidine-based and iodine-based skin preparation after instrumented degenerative cervical or lumbar spine surgery.

PMID 42882174
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PubMedCells2026-10-16

Dexamethasone Modulates Global DNA Methylation and Oxidative DNA Damage in Glioblastoma Cell Lines.

Barciszewska Anna-Maria AM, Belter Agnieszka A, Barciszewski Jakub F JF, Perrigue Patrick M PM et al.

Glioblastoma remains one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors, characterized by rapid progression, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis. Dexamethasone is routinely administered to patients with glioblastoma to reduce peritumoral edema and improve neurological symptoms. However, its broader molecular effects on tumor-cell biology and treatment response remain incompletely understood. This study examined the effects of dexamethasone alone and in combination with temozolomide, valproic acid, or metformin on glioblastoma cell viability, real-time proliferation, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, cell-cycle distribution, global DNA methylation, and oxidative DNA damage. Dexamethasone induced concentration- and time-dependent changes in global DNA methylation in glioma cells. In T98G cells, shorter exposure increased 5-methylcytosine, whereas longer incubation or selected combined treatment conditions reduced methylation, suggesting dynamic epigenetic remodeling. Low dexamethasone concentrations were associated with increased 5-methylcytosine content, also in temozolomide-containing conditions. In contrast, higher dexamethasone concentrations reduced global methylation. That effect was cell-line dependent. In SW1783 cells, high-dose dexamethasone caused a reduction in 5-methylcytosine amount as well as an increase in 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine level. Dexamethasone also reduced real-time T98G cell proliferation after prolonged exposure, while temozolomide was the main compound associated with cell-cycle changes in T98G cells. Metformin displayed comparatively limited cytotoxicity under the tested conditions. Beyond dexamethasone's well-established anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory role, it may also modify glioma redox and epigenetic states and influence cellular responses to temozolomide, valproic acid, and metformin. When considering these findings it is necessary to take into account a number of limitations. The upper limits of the DEX, TMZ, and MF concentration ranges were one to three orders of magnitude higher than the brain or CSF exposure levels that have been reported, and the experiments were carried out at standard culture oxygen concentrations (about 18-21% O2), which are much higher than the oxygen levels found in brain tissue (about 2-6% O2). Furthermore, the conclusions drawn from the T98G experiments only apply to this cell line and cannot be applied to glioblastoma without first being verified in other models.

PMID 42882443
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Gamma-Oryzanol Solid Dispersion Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced Depressive-like Behaviors in Rats Associated with Calbindin-1 and Calcium Signaling.

Kesyou Siripaporn S, Tiyaboonchai Waree W, Roboon Jureepon J, Kaewman Paweena P et al.

Depression is associated with dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotransmitter imbalance, and calcium signaling deficits. Although gamma-oryzanol (GO) has shown antidepressant effects, its underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive, while its poor aqueous solubility limits its nutraceutical application. To overcome this obstacle, we successfully developed GO solid dispersion (GOSD) with enhanced water solubility for nutraceutical formulations. This study examined the antidepressant effect of GOSD in dexamethasone (Dx)-induced depressive-like behaviors in rats using behavioral tests, including the sucrose preference test and forced-swimming test (FST). The Dx group showed a reduction in sucrose consumption and mobility time in the FST compared with controls, both of which improved following GOSD administration. Proteomics revealed changes associated with the calcium signaling pathway. Calbindin (Calb1) expression was reduced in the Dx group, whereas GOSD administration restored Calb1 levels. Given the role of Calb1, a calcium-binding protein (CBP) involved in intracellular calcium buffering, reduced Calb1 expression in the Dx group may contribute to calcium signaling dysregulation. In contrast, GOSD can attenuate Calb1 levels, which potentially contribute to its antidepressant effects. These findings suggest that the antidepressant-like effects of GOSD may involve modulation of calcium homeostasis, supporting its potential as a complementary intervention for Dx-induced depressive-like behaviors.

PMID 42883962
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PubMedVestnik oftalmologii2026-10-16

[Functional and anatomical outcomes of various perioperative treatment strategies for diabetic macular edema after cataract phacoemulsification].

Fursova A Zh AZ, Vasilyeva M A MA, Derbeneva A S AS, Karlash Yu A YA et al.

Selecting the optimal perioperative treatment strategy for diabetic macular edema (DME) in patients undergoing cataract phacoemulsification remains an important clinical challenge. The effects of different approaches on changes in morphological OCT biomarkers remain insufficiently studied. The study aimed to compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of three perioperative strategies for DME treatment after cataract phacoemulsification. This retrospective cohort study included 102 patients (102 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus, DME, and cataract. In group 1 (n=42), patients received preoperative anti-VEGF therapy followed by treatment according to the Treat-and-Extend regimen, group 2 (n=29) in addition to the same anti-VEGF regimen underwent intraoperative dexamethasone implantation, and group 3 (n=31) first underwent intraoperative dexamethasone implantation and then received anti-VEGF therapy. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), fluid OCT biomarkers, hyperreflective foci, and the inter-injection interval were assessed. BCVA improved significantly in all groups by month 12 of follow-up (from 0.22±0.12 to 0.64±0.17; p<0.001). The combined strategy provided the earliest reduction in CRT and CCT, rapid resolution of intraretinal and subretinal fluid, a decrease in the number of hyperreflective foci, and prolongation of the inter-injection interval. With the DEX-first strategy, after a pronounced early effect, by month 6 DME had reactivated with loss of anatomical response. Despite comparable functional outcomes at 12 months, the perioperative strategies differed substantially in the speed of achieving and maintaining anatomical response. The combined strategy provided the most favorable trajectory of morphological response and the most effective control of the inflammatory and exudative activity of DME in the early postoperative period.

PMID 42885628
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PubMedAmerican journal of dentistry2026-10-16

Comparative effects of sodium fluoride and fluoride-free nano-hydroxyapatite dentifrices on viability and acidogenicity of cariogenic biofilms.

Panariello Beatriz H D BHD, Brunette Brendon M BM, Davis Carson C CC

To compare the antibiofilm and antiacidogenic effects of a fluoride-free nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) dentifrice with a sodium fluoride (NaF) dentifrice against Streptococcus mutans biofilms in vitro. S. mutans UA159 biofilms were grown on hydroxyapatite discs and treated with a dentifrice containing nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) (Boka Ela Mint Fluoride Free Toothpaste), a 0.24% NaF dentifrice (Colgate Cavity Protection Toothpaste), 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX, positive control), or sterile distilled water (negative control). Two experimental conditions were evaluated: treatment during biofilm development (twice-daily from 0 to 72 hours) and treatment of mature biofilms (treatments applied at 48 hours and evaluated at 72 hours). Outcomes included colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and pH of spent media. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Šídák multiple comparisons (α= 0.05). During biofilm development, both dentifrices significantly reduced bacterial viability compared with the negative control (NaF, P< 0.0001; nHAp, P= 0.0200). However, when directly comparing the two, NaF caused a significantly greater reduction in bacterial viability than nHAp (P< 0.0001). Biofilms treated with NaF maintained higher pH values over time, indicating reduced acid production by S. mutans, whereas nHAp-treated groups showed moderate acidification. In mature biofilms, CHX and NaF demonstrated comparable antibiofilm activity, with no statistically significant difference between them (P= 0.0670). In contrast, nHAp showed significantly higher CFU counts than both CHX and NaF (P< 0.0001), although it still demonstrated a measurable reduction in bacterial viability compared with water control. NaF treatments significantly increased pH at 72 hours, whereas nHAp produced a smaller increase in pH. Altogether, the NaF dentifrice demonstrated superior antibiofilm and antiacidogenic effects compared with the fluoride-free nHAp dentifrice under the tested conditions. The fluoride-free nano-hydroxyapatite dentifrice did not exhibit anticaries potential.

PMID 42881524
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PubMedJournal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics2026-10-16

Modified frequency-based sensitivity analysis for oscillatory system models.

Ma Xinyue X, Mager Donald E DE

Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) is a critical and widely used method for evaluating model performance, as it quantifies input variability and uncertainty in both linear and nonlinear systems, with or without parameter interactions. However, for quantitative systems pharmacology or systems biology models with complex dynamics and time-dependent output exhibiting a single dominant oscillatory frequency, the classic GSA computed on fixed-time outputs may overlook parameters controlling oscillatory behaviors. To address this, a Fourier-based approach was refined to extract a single dominant oscillatory frequency across model simulated temporal profiles and define them as the quantity of interest (QoI) to compute the Sobol indices. Surrogate modeling was used to improve computational efficiency, which reduced computation time by at least 10-fold while recovering the ranking of influential parameters. This methodology was applied to several cases, including one involving dexamethasone treatment, to showcase how drug-induced perturbations can alter parameter sensitivity. In conclusion, these cases demonstrate the utility and efficiency of a Fourier-based GSA for identifying parameters controlling a dominant frequency in oscillatory system models.

PMID 42881317
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