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Shigella flexneri/sonnei bivalent live vaccine (freeze-dried) (Shigella FS vaccine)

✓ Approved

China National Pharmaceutical · Cell-based Therapies · Cell-based Therapies

What is Shigella flexneri/sonnei bivalent live vaccine (freeze-dried)?

Shigella flexneri/sonnei bivalent live vaccine (freeze-dried) is a cell-based therapies developed by China National Pharmaceutical. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesShigella FS vaccine
CompanyChina National Pharmaceutical
Drug ClassCell-based Therapies, Vaccine
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, China National Pharmaceutical

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PubMedGut microbes2026-10-16

Schizophrenia-associated gut microbiota are linked to reduced colonic PRODH expression and behavioral changes in mice.

Park Keontae K, Joo Min-Kyung MK, Lee Im-Ho IH, Woo Jeong-Hwa JH et al.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder whose biological basis remains incompletely understood. Growing evidence implicates the gut-brain axis in SCZ, but the host pathways through which disease-associated microbiota may influence behavior remain unclear. Here, we examined whether the gut microbiota from patients with SCZ is associated with behavioral and metabolic alterations in male C57BL/6N mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from patients with SCZ was associated with impaired short-term recognition memory, reduced social novelty preference, and decreased prepulse inhibition in recipient mice. Transcriptomic profiling of colonic tissue identified reduced expression of Prodh, which encodes proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), together with elevated plasma proline levels. Comparative microbiome analyses identified a five-species candidate consortium associated with the SCZ donor microbiome - Escherichia fergusonii, Shigella sonnei, Morganella morganii, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterococcus faecalis. Oral administration of this five-species mixture (5-SM) was associated with similar behavioral changes, reduced colonic PRODH expression, and hyperprolinemia in mice. Together, these findings support a possible association between schizophrenia-associated changes in the gut microbiota, altered intestinal proline metabolism, and behavioral changes in mice.

PMID 42886170
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PubMedEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2026-10-16

High levels of domestic transmission and drug resistance -analysis of national surveillance data for shigellosis, the Netherlands, 2018 to 2024.

van der Putten Boas B, Sauskojus Hendrik H, Meijs Anouk A, Notermans Daan D et al.

BACKGROUNDAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Shigella species is increasing, which is concerning. Strengthening surveillance is key to obtaining accurate, timely and actionable data on shigellosis.AIMWe aimed to describe Dutch national shigellosis surveillance data from 2018 to 2024, spanning the implementation of national genomic surveillance in 2022.METHODSWe described notified shigellosis cases and used logistic regression models to analyse associations between shigellosis and age, sex, year of infection, province, MSM (men who have sex with men) association, travel status, severity of disease and Shigella species.RESULTSIn 2018-2024, 3,020 shigellosis cases were notified. Incidence of shigellosis decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic years 2020-2021 but returned to pre-pandemic incidence in 2023 and 2024. Most cases were males (n = 1,887; 62.5%). Of the 1,731 cases with available data, 732 (42.3%) reported recent contact with MSM, representing 24.2% of all shigellosis cases. The proportion of extensive drug resistant (XDR) isolates increased from 2018 (1/58) to 2023 (24/109; 22.0%) (p < 0.001). Cases were more likely to be part of a cluster if they reported a recent MSM contact (p < 0.001) or harboured an XDR isolate (p < 0.001). Cases with recent MSM contact were more likely to harbour an XDR strain (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONImplementation of genomic surveillance facilitated detection of clusters, provided more timely data on AMR and allowed for more detailed analyses of risk factors for Shigella transmission. Continued intervention efforts promoting hygiene and raising awareness on shigellosis and AMR are important to curb the increase of XDR shigellosis.

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PubMedFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Effects of Freeze-Dried Burdock Root and Ultrasonic Treatment on the Growth and β-Glucosidase Activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FEL112 in the Fermentation of Black Soymilk.

Yang Chun-Wei CW, Hsiao Wen-Ling WL, Yang Chun-Yao CY

Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) root, rich in inulin and polyphenols, has physiological activities and can serve as a nutritional source for microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of freeze-dried burdock root powder (BP) and ultrasonic treatment (US) on the growth and β-glucosidase activity (β-GA) of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FEL112 (Lp-FEL112) in the fermentation of black soymilk (BS). The viable cell counts and β-GA of Lp-FEL112 incubated in different amounts of BP in BS (x% BP/BS, w/v) without US or using US (40 and 120 kHz) for 1% BP/BS were evaluated. The total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and isoflavones in the fermented product extract (FE) for 1% BP/BS were analyzed. The β-GA of Lp-FEL112 for 1% BP/BS without US at 24 h was 16.01 ± 1.88 U/mL, higher than those in 3% BP/BS and 7% BP/BS, and was enhanced to 18.62-26.86 U/mL using US. The antioxidant activities, TPC, and the isoflavone aglycones (daidzein and genistein) ratio in the FE of 1% BP/BS were improved with US. This study demonstrated that adding a limiting amount of BP to BS combined with US in the fermentation of BS by Lp-FEL112 could eliminate the need for an extraction step while achieving enhancement in the functionality of the fermented products.

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PubMedFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

Research on Processing Characteristics of Sedum aizoon L. and Development of Low-GI Meal Replacement Powder.

Wang Ying Y, Huang Ruohan R, Li Mengxiao M, Guo Yishi Y et al.

Low Glycemic Index (low-GI) meal replacement powders are increasingly sought for weight management. Sedum aizoon L. is a promising vegetable raw material, yet its processing characteristics remain poorly characterized. This study systematically evaluated the effects of four pretreatments (untreated, freeze-thaw, blanching, blanching plus green protection) and two drying methods (hot-air drying, freeze drying) on S. aizoon L. from the Diqing Plateau, Sedum aizoon L., and optimized a low-GI meal replacement formula. The results revealed that blanching and blanching plus green protection shortened hot-air-drying time by approximately 50% and improved the flowability and compactness of powder (Hausner ratio 1.26, Carr index 20.46%). Qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed that Sedum aizoon L. contained various bioactive substances such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Freeze drying better retained polyphenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C; the freeze-thaw plus freeze drying exhibited the optimal color protection effect with a chlorophyll content of 1.4843 mg/g. Dried Sedum aizoon L. was evaluated by a trained panel plus electronic nose analysis, while the meal replacement powder was assessed by electronic nose and electronic tongue. A single-factor test, a Plackett-Burman test and a response surface methodology were adopted to optimize the optimal formula of meal replacement powder: Sedum aizoon L. powder 2.3 g, skim milk powder 2.8 g, sugar powder 1.6 g, grain powder 4 g, nut powder 2.6 g, and konjac powder 0.55 g. The meal replacement powder has low estimated GI (eGI) value (eGI < 55) and high dietary fiber content (43.4 g/100 g), with superior aroma and taste versus a commercial reference. These findings support the industrial production of Sedum aizoon L.-based low-GI meal replacement food.

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PubMedSociology of health & illness2026-10-16

Inside the 'Black Box' of Pharmaceuticalisation: NICE, the Permissive Principle and the Case of Anticoagulants.

Abraham John J, Balendran Gowree G

Sociological interest in pharmaceuticalisation continues to grow, especially regarding the expansion of pharmaceutical use in society. This article presents the first major empirical study focusing on the directionality of pharmaceuticalisation by taking cost-effectiveness assessment and regulation of anticoagulants in England by the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) as a case study. During this century, anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism has changed direction profoundly away from warfarin towards newer and markedly more expensive direct oral anticoagulants. Drawing on established theoretical frameworks of pharmaceuticalisation, together with years of documentary research, interviews and observations of stakeholder meetings, it is demonstrated that this directional change cannot be adequately accounted for solely by reference to biomedicalism. Rather, such change must also be explained by key sociological factors, including the adoption of the permissive principle towards the newer drugs by the NICE regulatory system, pharmaceutical industry influence on governance processes, the 'coincidence' of expansion in diagnostic criteria for stroke risk with the introduction of the new direct oral anticoagulants, and the promotion of neoliberal patient choice and innovation by the regulatory state. Finally, the generalisability and policy implications of our findings for other therapeutic and institutional contexts are considered.

PMID 42885359
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PubMedNature communications2026-10-16

Klebsiella-dominant gut communities are associated with impeded oral rotavirus vaccine response in infants.

Seymour Cale O CO, Ecklu-Mensah Gertrude G, Lee Yesun Y, Nicols Alexander R AR et al.

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is the leading cause of infant diarrheal death worldwide. Oral rotavirus vaccine (RVV) prevents illness and death, but efficacy differs between high- and low-income countries and the etiologies are unclear. Here, we describe the relationship between colonization of the infant gut by commensal bacteria, inflammation, and vaccine response across a cohort of infants from Panama, Peru, and the U.S. Vaccine immunogenicity was related to community composition in the first month of life and inverse to increased relative abundance of Klebsiella. Clustering communities into gut types revealed that microbiome configurations with elevated Klebsiella or Escherichia in the first month of life were negatively associated with both seroconversion and rotavirus shedding after vaccination, suggesting potential inhibition of vaccine function or host response. Infants without RVV strain shedding displayed elevated fecal calprotectin in the first month. These results implicate microbiome-augmented infant gut inflammation as a potential impediment to RVV response.

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