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crizotinib

✓ Approved

Roche · ALK · Companion diagnostic

What is crizotinib?

crizotinib is a companion diagnostic developed by Roche. It is approved for therapeutic indications via others.

Drug Profile

CompanyRoche
Drug ClassCompanion diagnostic
Molecular TargetALK
RouteOthers
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Roche

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

crizotinib acts on 1 molecular target:

ALKALK receptor tyrosine kinase (CD246, NBLST3)
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Therapeutic Indications

crizotinib is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Uterine cancer✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedCancers2026-10-16

Longitudinal Assessment of EGFR and MET Transcriptional Activity Using Cell-Free Chromatin Immunoprecipitation in Two Patients with EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Pedersen Emma E, Maansson Christoffer Trier CT, Meldgaard Peter P, Sorensen Boe Sandahl BS

Background/Objectives:MET amplification represents the most common bypass resistance mechanism to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Combination therapy with the EGFR-TKI, osimertinib, and the MET-TKI, crizotinib, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in overcoming this resistance. However, assessing MET transcriptional activity during treatment remains challenging. Methods: Cell-free chromatin immunoprecipitation (cfChIP) targeting H3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) was employed to investigate the transcriptional activity of the EGFR and MET genes in serial liquid biopsies obtained from two patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to quantify circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and cfChIP enrichment levels. Results: In PT1, H3K36me3 mEGFR and MET cfChIP enrichment increased during disease progression, with MET enrichment increasing further following the initiation of crizotinib/osimertinib combination therapy, during which the patient experienced a partial response. In PT2, MET amplification was detected in a liquid biopsy, but MET cfChIP enrichment remained low throughout the treatment course, and the patient did not respond to crizotinib. Conclusions: This two-patient feasibility study illustrates the potential of cfChIP-ddPCR for the longitudinal assessment of EGFR and MET transcriptional activity in liquid biopsies. These observations warrant further investigation of cfChIP as an approach for monitoring transcriptional activity during osimertinib/crizotinib treatment.

PMID 42882792
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PubMedPlants (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-16

The Effects of Different Companion Fungi on the Growth and Development of Cremastra appendiculata and the Accumulation of Bioactive Components in Its Pseudobulbs.

Wang Siwen S, Wang Liang L, Li Jingjing J, Xing Yuhe Y et al.

Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino is a rare orchid species possessing both ornamental and medicinal value. The process by which its protocorms develop into pseudobulbs represents not only a critical stage for seedling establishment but also a key period for the formation and accumulation of pharmacologically active constituents. Mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting microorganisms are known to promote the growth and development of orchids; however, their integrated regulatory effects on pseudobulb growth and quality formation in C. appendiculata remain unclear. In this study, pseudobulbs of C. appendiculata were used as experimental materials and treated with three companion fungal inoculants, namely Coprinellus micaceus, Coprinellus radians, and Ephemerocybe pseudodisseminata. Since C. appendiculata seeds cannot germinate under sterile conditions, no sterile control group was included in this study; therefore, the results primarily reflect differences among the three fungal treatments rather than absolute growth-promoting effects. Subsequently, plant growth parameters, biomass indices, physiological and biochemical traits, and contents of medicinal quality components were measured, and the comprehensive effects of different companion fungi were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis. The results showed that plants treated with C. micaceus had significantly higher plant height, stem base diameter, leaf area, main root length, and pseudobulb length and width, as well as higher fresh and dry weights of pseudobulbs, compared with the other two treatments. In terms of physiological and biochemical indices, the contents of soluble protein, starch, and crude ash in pseudobulbs were highest under C. micaceus treatment. Quality component analysis revealed that the contents of total flavonoids, total phenolics, polysaccharides, and alkaloids were significantly higher under C. micaceus treatment than under the other treatments, with the alkaloid content reaching 1.66 mg BE·g-1. Principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of PC1 and PC2 reached 95.4%, effectively explaining the variation among different treatments. The comprehensive evaluation results demonstrated that the effects of the different companion fungal treatments ranked as follows: C. micaceus > C. radians > E. pseudodisseminata. In conclusion, among the three companion fungal treatments, C. micaceus showed the best comprehensive performance in promoting pseudobulb growth and medicinal quality formation in C. appendiculata. This fungus can serve as an excellent microbial inoculant for seedling propagation and efficient cultivation of medicinal resources of C. appendiculata, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the artificial cultivation and resource exploitation of this species.

PMID 42884876
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PubMedAustralian veterinary journal2026-10-16

Radiographic measurements of cardiac silhouette and skeletal landmarks in companion galahs (Eolophus roseicapilla) and sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita).

Narayanan P P, Kun K W KW, Ahn R R, Henning J J et al.

Cardiac disease is common in companion birds, yet its diagnosis remains a challenge due to limited validated tests. Radiography is frequently used to assess cardiac size in birds; however, interspecies variation necessitates species-specific reference intervals. This study aimed to establish the cardiac silhouette in companion galahs (Eolophus roseicapilla) and sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita). Ventrodorsal (VD) and laterolateral (LL) radiographs of 30 adult galahs and 21 adult cockatoos were obtained from medical records that were admitted to the University of Queensland Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 2013 to 2023. In the VD view, cardiac width (CW) was measured with other anatomical landmarks including thoracic width (TW), clavicular distance (ClD), coracoid width (CoW) and 3rd-4th rib distance (RD). In the LL view, the cardiac length (CL) was measured and correlated to sternal length (SL). Significant positive correlations were found between CW and weight ( ρ = 0.777 , p < 0.001); CW and TW ( ρ = 0.789 , p < 0.001), in galahs. In cockatoos, significant positive correlations were found between CW and CoW ( ρ = 0.541 , p = 0.011); CW and ClD ( ρ = 0.491 , p < 0.021). The 25th-75th percentile range (PR) for CW:TW ranged from 52 to 62.5% and 60-65% in cockatoos and galahs, respectively. In galahs, CW correlated positively with the TW, and the 25th-75th PR for CW:TW should be 60%-65%. In cockatoos, the CW is better correlated to the CoW and ClD with the 25th-75th PRI of 549.5%-609.5% and 91.5%-103.0% respectively. The cardiac silhouette was larger in galahs than in cockatoos.

PMID 42881486
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PubMedThe Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences2026-10-16

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Predict Dental Crowding in Modern Orthodontic Practice: A Comprehensive Review.

Xin Xiwen X, Kan Shun-Yu SY, Chen Tianle T, Ko Ching-Chang CC

Dental crowding is fundamental to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, yet what constitutes "crowding" remains surprisingly heterogeneous. Space analysis quantifies tooth size-arch length discrepancy, irregularity indices characterize alignment displacement, and clinician-assigned severity reflects broader diagnostic interpretation. This narrative review examines the evolution of crowding assessment from conventional space analysis and digital measurement to two-dimensional artificial intelligence (AI), three-dimensional point-cloud learning, and clinician-aware agentic AI. Digitalization improves efficiency and reproducibility but does not resolve fundamental dependencies on how crowding is defined, anatomically represented, and established as a reference standard. Two-dimensional models enable prediction from readily available images but are constrained by projection and scale, whereas three-dimensional approaches directly learn from dental surface representations and can capture local geometric relationships. In a companion study of 495 arches from 284 patients, PointNet++ achieved an R2 of 0.718 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.54 mm for prediction of crowding. In a separate retrospective demonstration, a bounded Gemini-based Agent incorporating matched record-derived verbal information reduced MAE from 1.951 to 1.437 mm, whereas mismatched information degraded performance. These findings also illustrate that the target construct-the specific clinical feature of crowding that a model is trained to predict-may differ across assessment methods. Together, these findings highlight a fundamental challenge: improving prediction does not resolve ambiguity in the target construct. Future crowding AI should therefore align the target construct, reference standard, and input representation; preserve provenance and uncertainty; integrate complementary clinical information transparently; and route uncertain cases for expert review.

PMID 42881559
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolated from Humans and Animals.

Prorok Paulina P, Siedlecka Magdalena M, Karwańska Magdalena M, Skrok Milena M et al.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important opportunistic pathogen and a potential reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants, yet comparatively little is known about isolates originating from both humans and companion animals. This study characterized 320 S. epidermidis isolates obtained from humans, cats, and dogs within a One Health framework using phenotypic, molecular, proteomic, and genomic approaches. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high frequencies of resistance to oxacillin (67.19%), erythromycin (66.56%), tetracycline (55.63%), and clindamycin (53.75%) by disk diffusion. PCR-based analysis identified blaZ as the most prevalent resistance determinant (50.63%), whereas whole-genome sequencing of a selected subset revealed a broader and heterogeneous repertoire of resistance-associated genes. Among 67 sequenced isolates, 26 known sequence types were identified, including several STs occurring in isolates from more than one host species. Core-genome phylogenetic analysis demonstrated substantial genomic diversity without complete segregation according to host species or clinical status. Genotype-phenotype concordance was generally limited and gene dependent, and discrepancies were also observed between PCR- and WGS-based detection for selected resistance determinants. Biofilm formation was significantly influenced by incubation temperature, host species, and clinical status, while growth kinetics showed pronounced strain-specific variability and no consistent relationship with biofilm-forming capacity. MALDI-TOF MS profiling and partial rpoB phylogeny likewise showed considerable overlap among isolates from different host groups. In the Galleria mellonella infection model, mortality was inoculum dependent and varied substantially among strains. Overall, the findings demonstrate marked phenotypic and genomic heterogeneity among S. epidermidis isolated from humans and companion animals and indicate that some clonal backgrounds and resistance determinants occur across host species, highlighting the relevance of this species within a One Health context.

PMID 42883836
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-10-16

Characteristics of Staphylococcus haemolyticus Isolated from Humans and Animals.

Prorok Paulina P, Siedlecka Magdalena M, Karwańska Magdalena M, Skrok Milena M et al.

Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an opportunistic coagulase-negative staphylococcus increasingly recognized as an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance within the One Health framework. However, comparative studies simultaneously evaluating isolates from humans and companion animals remain limited. This study characterized 113 S. haemolyticus isolates recovered from clinically healthy and affected humans and cats and from clinically healthy dogs using phenotypic, molecular, proteomic, and genomic approaches. Multidrug resistance was identified in 45.13% (51/113) of isolates. Whole-genome sequencing of 35 selected isolates revealed substantial genomic diversity, with no clear clustering according to host species or clinical status within the analysed subset. The VFDB-associated loci tufA, clpC, and clpP were detected in all sequenced isolates; however, their presence does not imply expression or a direct contribution to virulence-related phenotypes. Acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants showed variable distributions across the analysed genomes. Within the WGS subset, mecA showed a host-associated difference that remained significant after false discovery rate correction in a one-isolate-per-host sensitivity analysis, whereas the initially observed association for blaZ/PC1-family determinants was not retained after this sensitivity analysis. No acquired resistance determinant was significantly associated with clinical status. Among the full collection of 113 isolates, blaZ (53.98%) and tetL (33.63%) were the most frequently detected resistance genes by PCR. Genotype-phenotype concordance varied according to the antimicrobial agent and phenotypic testing method, indicating that resistance-gene detection alone was not uniformly predictive of phenotypic susceptibility. Biofilm formation, assessed in all 113 isolates, increased markedly at 39 °C despite heterogeneous, strain-dependent changes in planktonic growth. Eight representative isolates evaluated in the Galleria mellonella model showed clear inoculum-dependent and strain-variable larval mortality; however, the assay was not designed to formally assess host-species- or clinical status-associated differences. Overall, the findings demonstrate substantial genomic and phenotypic overlap among human and companion-animal S. haemolyticus isolates, together with selected host-associated differences and marked strain-level variability, supporting the value of integrated One Health surveillance.

PMID 42884148
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