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influenza vaccine (MonoGrippol Neo)

✓ Approved

Npo Petrovax Pharm · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is influenza vaccine?

influenza vaccine is a vaccine developed by Npo Petrovax Pharm. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesMonoGrippol Neo
CompanyNpo Petrovax Pharm
Drug ClassVaccine, Large Molecules
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection, Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Npo Petrovax Pharm

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of inflammation research2026-09-20

Dimethyl Sulfoxide Modulates T Cell-Mediated Immunity to Attenuate Influenza A Virus Infection.

Jeng Po-Hsuan PH, Tsai Meng-Wei MW, Huang Shing-Hwa SH, Huang Tien-Ru TR et al.

Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major threat because vaccines provide limited cross-protection and antiviral resistance is rising. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is immunomodulatory, but its effect on IAV has not been tested in vivo. We evaluated its efficacy and mechanism in a murine H1N1 model. Male C57BL/6 mice were intranasally challenged with an LD50 of A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) and given daily subcutaneous DMSO (0.22 g/kg/day) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on days 1-7. Survival was monitored for 21 days; lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected on day 8. Lung histology (hematoxylin and eosin), BALF cytokines (sandwich ELISA), lung and splenic IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (flow cytometry), and whole-lung RNA sequencing (differential expression, KEGG enrichment) were assessed. BALF viral burden was measured by neuraminidase activity assay and TCID50. In vitro, splenic CD8+ T cells exposed to 0%, 0.5%, or 1.0% DMSO were immunoblotted for lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3). DMSO significantly improved 21-day survival and attenuated alveolar inflammatory infiltration. Day-8 BALF viral titers were significantly lower with DMSO (mean 2.2×103 vs 4.3×104 TCID50/mL; p = 0.034), as was neuraminidase activity. BALF IFN-γ and TGF-β were elevated, whereas TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were not. IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells increased in the lung but not the spleen; CD4+ populations were unchanged. RNA sequencing showed enrichment of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and PI3K/Akt signaling and upregulation of T-box factors, PPAR-γ, and Nek kinases. In vitro, DMSO accelerated LAG3 induction in CD8+ T cells within 12-48 h. DMSO is associated with attenuated IAV severity, a lower day-8 airway viral burden, and a localized expansion of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells, without a concomitant rise in the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-1β. These associations are correlative and support further investigation of DMSO as a host-directed adjunct for influenza.

PMID 42763701
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PubMedAdvances in virology2026-09-20

Comparative Sequence Analysis of the Envelope Gene of Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus Vaccine Strain With Currently Circulating Field Strains.

Kaje Keerthi K, Marinaik Chandranaik B CB, Gomes Amitha Reena AR, Rizwan Apsana A et al.

The present study was undertaken with the objective of performing comparative sequence analysis of the envelope (E) gene of Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) vaccine strain P9605 with the circulating field strains. The study was taken up as the currently used KFDV vaccine strain, KFDV P9605, was isolated in the 1960s. For this study, we designed two sets of primers targeting the complete amplification of the E gene of KFDV. The sequencing was performed by the Sanger method, and the deduced sequence of the vaccine virus was deposited in GenBank with accession number PX067005. This sequence obtained for the vaccine virus was aligned and compared with sequences of GenBank-deposited circulating field strains. We also performed comparative sequence analysis of the Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) vaccine seed virus having passaged twice in mouse brain with the vaccine seed virus passaged six times in mouse brain to investigate whether multiple passages in mouse brain will lead to genetic mutation in the immunologically important E gene. The phylogenetic analysis revealed seven amino acid mutations in the field strains at positions A123T, S158N, D178E, D239N, A313S, M429I, and G479A when compared with the vaccine strain. We did not find any mutations at the critical fusogenic segment (residues 98-113) in the E gene of currently circulating field strains compared to the vaccine seed virus. The study found no genetic variations in the E gene of the KFD virus passed two times and passed six times in mouse brain. We performed SWISS-MODEL homology modeling, AlphaFold protein analysis, and Ramachandran plot analysis to study the E protein structures and stability. The observations made in this study suggest slow evolutionary drift and conserved structural stability of the envelope gene of KFDV ever since its emergence 7 decades ago; however, the functional implications of these amino acid substitutions need further studies on their roles in viral infectivity, transmission, and impact on immunity.

PMID 42763584
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PubMedEMBO reports2026-09-20

TRIM62 facilitates influenza A virus entry by regulating WASH-dependent endosomal trafficking.

Gupta Kajal K, Pal Sampurna S, Tyagi Arpit A, Bajaj Roohani R et al.

Endocytosis enables efficient cargo uptake while restricting uncontrolled cellular entry, yet how this balance is enforced during endocytic uptake remains poorly understood. Using influenza A virus (IAV) as a model cargo, we reveal a previously unrecognized role for the pentameric WASH complex (WASH) as a regulatory hub that integrates both permissive and inhibitory functions to control viral endocytosis. While the WASH subunits WASH1, CCDC53, SWIP, and Strumpellin collectively promote IAV entry, the FAM21 subunit acts antagonistically. Our data suggest that FAM21-mediated association of WASH with the retromer subunit VPS35 restrains the pro-endocytic activity of WASH, thereby limiting viral uptake. This inhibitory FAM21-VPS35 axis is counteracted by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM62, which maintains WASH in a retromer-free, endocytically competent state that facilitates viral internalization. Beyond IAV, the WASH1 subunit and VPS35 also exhibit opposing roles during cholera toxin B uptake, suggesting a broader function in lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. Together, our findings establish WASH as a key determinant of IAV endocytosis, with TRIM62 modulating retromer-mediated restriction to facilitate productive viral entry.

PMID 42763336
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PubMedVeterinary medicine international2026-09-20

Pattern of Cytopathic Effects Produced by Recent Bangladeshi Field Isolates of PPR Virus in Vero Cells and Preparation of Purified Viral Antigen.

Siddiqui M S I MSI, Begum Jahan Ara JA, Islam M R MR, Chowdhury E H EH

This study was conducted to explore the pattern of appearance of cytopathic effect (CPE) produced by a Bangladeshi strain of Peste des petits ruminant's virus (PPRV) in Vero cells during serial passaging, to estimate the virus titer and concentration of PPR viral RNA at different passage levels, and to find out a suitable passage level for viral antigen purification. Five isolates of PPR virus from local outbreaks were isolated, confirmed with conventional RT-PCR, and then used as viral inoculant in Vero cells and lamb kidney cell culture (LKC). Morphology of CPE's and pattern of development of CPE were studied and recorded at different passage levels and days postinfection (dpi). Tissue culture fluid (TCF) was used to prepare purified viral antigen by ultracentrifugation and for quantitation by spectrophotometry. Viral titers were determined following an endpoint dilution assay. The study revealed that the CPE was not perceptible in all isolates until 11 dpi for the first six passages. The virus was not detected in TCF of both infected and control flasks by RT-PCR up to the 6th passage. The first CPE appeared on 5 dpi at the 7th passage level for all isolates. The CPE was characterized by initial cell rounding, followed by the formation of small syncytia, progression to total cell infection, and eventual complete detachment of the cell monolayer. Maximum titer (3.5 Log10TCID50) and RNA concentration (260 ng/µL) were found at the 30th passage level by one isolate (Isolate-F). It is concluded that initiation of CPE production in Vero cells by the Bangladeshi field strain of PPR virus occurs at the 7th passage level. Virus titer and concentration of PPR viral RNA increased with the advancement of passaging, and these are highly related to each other. TCF at higher passage levels, such as the 60th passage, is most suitable for purification of PPR viral antigen.

PMID 42763559
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PubMedIn vitro models2026-09-20

Combined 2D and 3D cell culture models as a strategy to reduce the use of animals in antitumoral compound screening.

Fontão Ana Paula Gregório Alves APGA, E Silva Gustavo Werneck de Souza GWS, Barroso Wanise Borges Gouveia WBG, Barroso Gouveia G et al.

Advances in drug discovery and early clinical development depends fundamentally on robust pre-clinical research and a comprehensive understanding of cancer biology. There is an international effort to reduce the use of animals in research and product development, with a focus on technical advances to build better in vitro models. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture mimics the architecture of solid tumors and could be validated as an alternative method to animal use in research and development, promoting faster and more. A workflow of assays and decision points was established in the FIOCRUZ Technological Platform of Bioassays for antitumoral drugs at Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ. The flow with increased complexity starts with simple 2D assays, going through assays for determination of apoptosis and finally 3D assays for cytotoxicity and biomarker modulation. This drug discovery flow was challenged by two molecules received by our platform. As first step, compounds were tested in a single concentration using cell lines in the 2D model, with cytotoxicity assessment performed by the MTT assay. This stage is intended for early-phase projects (TRL 1 and 2), including the screening of new molecules, development of nanopreparations, and activity-guided synthesis or natural product fractionation. When at least 30% of cytotoxicity is observed, samples are forwarded for IC50 determination and, if a good IC50 is observed (below 10 µM) the selectivity index (SI) is determined and apoptosis analysis is performed. At this stage, the projects are already at more advanced maturity levels, covering lead compounds, enriched fractions, isolated natural products and optimized nanopreparations. Samples with good performance (IC50 below 10 µM and SI above 3) are subsequently evaluated in 3D spheroid models using the forced suspension method, with the goal of complementing cytotoxicity data and then advancing to studies on biomarker expression. In this study, we have carried out assays on MCF-7 cell line. As expected, compounds RPT11M_10330 and RPT11M_10332 showed significant differences in IC50 values between the 2D and 3D models. We observed that both compounds were cytotoxic and were equally effective as doxorubicin in the 2D model. The 3D model exhibited greater intrinsic resistance compared to the 2D model, as described in the literature; the Ultra-low attachment spheroid culture environment changed the tumor cellular responses to drugs as IC50 values of these molecules were higher in the 3D model. Each approach has its own strengths and limitations and should be considered both individually and in an integrated manner. Recent advances in preclinical screening tools, which more reliably predict clinical effects and adverse events of drug candidates, have begun a new era in drug development and screening. We suggest a combination of well-established 2D models with emerging techniques, such as 3D models, in drug research and development that may lead to robust preclinical reports, accelerating drug discovery projects. The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s44164-026-00137-7.

PMID 42763475
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PubMedIn vitro models2026-09-20

Decellularized extracellular matrix for gastrointestinal organoid culture: a comprehensive review.

He Yong Y, Wong Cheng-San CS, Chen Jinshi J, Leong Cheng-Nam CN et al.

Gastrointestinal organoids, as advanced three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture models, have revolutionized our understanding of organ development, disease pathophysiology, and therapeutic responses. However, their clinical translation is largely hampered by a reliance on Matrigel. Derived from mouse sarcoma, Matrigel presents inherent limitations, including an undefined composition, significant batch-to-batch variability, potential biosafety risks, and an inability to faithfully mimic the native tissue microenvironment. These limitations severely restrict the application of organoids in regenerative medicine and precision medicine. To overcome these barriers, tissue-specific decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has emerged as a superior alternative. Decellularized ECM is derived from native tissues through physical, chemical, or enzymatic removal of cellular components while preserving the intact 3D architecture, tissue-specific protein composition (matrisome), and bioactive signaling molecules of the native extracellular matrix. By preserving the complex 3D architecture, tissue-specific biochemical composition, and critical biological signals of the native ECM, dECM provides a more biomimetic niche for organoid culture. This review begins by examining the anatomical and functional characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, establishing the physiological context for organoid modeling. This review first outlines the limitations of traditional matrices and establishes the role of the ECM as an active regulator of the stem cell niche. We then detail the preparation process of gastrointestinal dECM, analyzing the selection and optimization of decellularization methods and their impact on the scaffold's biological and mechanical properties. Critical analysis of dECM's mechanical properties reveals that while decellularization may reduce initial matrix stiffness compared to native tissue, appropriate crosslinking and concentration optimization can restore biomechanical integrity while maintaining biochemical fidelity-addressing a key advantage over Matrigel, which lacks both tunability and tissue specificity. Furthermore, we highlight the superiority of dECM in promoting the formation, maturation, and function of gastrointestinal organoids (e.g., stomach, intestine, colon). The review also summarizes recent advances in the application of dECM-cultured gastrointestinal organoids in disease modeling (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal cancers, infectious diseases), high-throughput drug screening, personalized medicine, and regenerative medicine (e.g., tissue repair and transplantation). We compare dECM-based matrices with emerging polymer bioinks, highlighting that while synthetic materials offer greater control over mechanical properties, they cannot replicate the complex biochemical signaling and growth factor reservoirs inherent to native ECM-a limitation that current bioengineering approaches continue to address through hybrid formulations. Finally, we discuss current challenges in dECM technology-such as standardization, scalable production, and complexity reconstruction-and envision future directions involving its integration with emerging technologies like 3D bioprinting, microfluidic chips, and multicellular co-culture systems. Such integrated approaches will catalyze the development of more physiologically relevant and functionally robust in vitro gastrointestinal models, opening new avenues for basic research and clinical translation.

PMID 42763512
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