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insulin glargine

✓ Approved

Hefei Tianmai Biotechnology · INSR · Recombinant Proteins

What is insulin glargine?

insulin glargine is a recombinant proteins developed by Hefei Tianmai Biotechnology. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

CompanyHefei Tianmai Biotechnology
Drug ClassRecombinant Proteins
Molecular TargetINSR
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Hefei Tianmai Biotechnology

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

insulin glargine acts on 1 molecular target:

INSRinsulin receptor (CD220, HHF5)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

insulin glargine is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Metabolism and nutrition disordersType 1 diabetes mellitus✓ Approved
Metabolism and nutrition disordersType 2 diabetes mellitus✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedIranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR2026-09-20

Lyoniresinol Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Induces White-to-Beige Adipose Tissue Conversion in Obese Rats: Associated with JNK/PI3K/mTOR Pathway Modulation.

Lei Wen W, Tripathi Alok A, Hu Shuwen S

Obesity contributes to multiple chronic diseases and remains a critical global health challenge. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of lyoniresinol on high-fat diet-induced obesity and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Network pharmacology was used to identify potential targets of lyoniresinol in obesity treatment, followed by validation using molecular docking. High-fat diet-induced obese rats received lyoniresinol (30 mg/kg/day) for six weeks. The primary efficacy endpoints were insulin sensitivity, assessed by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), fasting glucose, and fasting insulin, and adiposity measures, including body weight and regional fat mass. The key secondary endpoint was uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in adipose tissue, evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Mechanistic validation comprised analysis of the phosphorylation status of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by Western blotting. Exploratory assessments included serum lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological examination. Network pharmacology identified 50 shared targets between lyoniresinol and obesity. Molecular docking indicated favorable binding to JNK, PI3K, and mTOR. For the primary endpoints, lyoniresinol treatment was associated with reduced body weight gain, restored normoglycaemia, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and decreased regional adipose tissue mass. For the key secondary endpoint, UCP1 expression was upregulated, suggesting the browning of white adipose tissue. For the exploratory endpoints, lyoniresinol was associated with improved dyslipidaemia, reduced oxidative stress, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP), and attenuated adipocyte hypertrophy. For mechanistic validation, lyoniresinol treatment was associated with suppressed JNK phosphorylation and activation of PI3K/mTOR signaling in adipose tissue, suggesting potential involvement of the JNK/PI3K/mTOR pathway in these effects. Based on the primary efficacy endpoints, lyoniresinol was associated with improved insulin sensitivity and reduced adiposity in obese rats. The key secondary endpoint (UCP1 upregulation) and mechanistic validation (altered JNK/PI3K/mTOR phosphorylation) further support its association with the browning of white adipose tissue. These findings suggest that lyoniresinol may represent a multi-target candidate for further investigation in obesity-related metabolic disorders; however, the precise molecular mechanisms require additional validation.

PMID 42763601
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PubMedCureus2026-09-20

Edinburgh University Solution of Lime (EUSOL) Versus Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Dressing for Wound Contraction in Grade II Wagner Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Batool Fizza F, Munawwar Fasiha F, Shaukat Hassan H, Janjua Atif A AA et al.

Background Diabetic foot ulcers remain a leading cause of lower-limb amputation worldwide, and wound management is especially difficult in resource-limited settings where older antiseptic agents such as Edinburgh University Solution of Lime (EUSOL) are still in routine use. This trial compared EUSOL dressing with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) dressing for wound contraction in Grade II Wagner diabetic foot ulcers. Methodology In this randomized controlled trial, 120 patients aged 30 to 70 years with Grade II Wagner diabetic foot ulcers were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to daily EUSOL dressing or PDGF dressing applied every fourth day for four weeks after debridement and infection control. Wound healing was defined as a reduction in ulcer area of at least 50% from baseline at four weeks. A multivariate logistic regression model examined treatment group, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, and antidiabetic therapy as predictors of healing. Results Patients averaged 49.8 ± 10.2 years of age and a BMI of 27.1 ± 3.45 kg/m²; 58.3% were male. Seventy-eight patients (65%) used oral hypoglycemic agents alone, while 42 (35%) required insulin. Seventy-one patients (59.2%) had diabetes for more than 10 years. Wound contraction occurred in 20 of 60 (33.3%) patients on EUSOL versus 44 of 60 (73.3%) on PDGF (P < 0.001). PDGF remained a strong independent predictor of healing on multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 6.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.69-14.02, P < 0.001), as did insulin therapy (adjusted OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.10-5.59, P = 0.028). Conclusions PDGF dressing produced substantially better wound contraction than EUSOL in Grade II diabetic foot ulcers, an effect that persisted after adjustment for the usual confounders. Insulin use was independently linked to better healing, pointing to glycemic management as a modifiable lever alongside dressing choice. Confirmation in multicenter trials with longer follow-up, blinded outcome assessment, and cost data would strengthen the case for wider adoption of PDGF-based dressings in similar settings.

PMID 42763719
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PubMedEuropean journal of nutrition2026-09-20

Serum lipidomic profiles associated with Mediterranean diet in overweight and obese breast cancer survivors: an exploratory study.

Lee Jae Hwa JH, Park Ji Seo JS, Park Jin Ju JJ, Lee Ji-Won JW et al.

Among breast cancer (BC) survivors, overweight and obesity increase the risk of recurrence, underscoring the importance of dietary strategies for weight management. The Mediterranean diet (MD) can promote weight loss and reduce lipid levels. Analyzing alterations at the lipid species level can provide more detailed insights into the metabolic benefits associated with the MD. This study aimed to explore lipid remodeling associated with MD adherence in BC survivors through comprehensive lipidomic analysis. This exploratory ancillary study was conducted as non-randomized, non-controlled pre-post intervention analysis of serum samples collected before and after an 8-week MD intervention from 12 overweight or obese BC survivors. Fasting paired serum samples (n = 24) were used to profile lipid species using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ionization modes. Multivariate and correlation analyses were used to assess overall lipidomic alterations. Participants were further classified into maintainer or improver subgroups based on changes in their Mediterranean diet score (MDS), and subgroup-specific lipidomic responses to the MD intervention were examined. Participants showed significant reductions in body weight, waist circumference, and clinical triglyceride levels, along with increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and MDS following the MD intervention. Forty-three putative lipid species were identified, predominantly characterized by reductions in triacylglycerols (TGs) enriched with saturated fatty acids. TG 16:0_18:0_18:0 and TG 16:0_18:1_24:0 exhibited strong negative correlations with MDS and positive correlations with insulin resistance markers. Significant lipid remodeling was observed only in the maintainer group. In this exploratory study, adherence to an 8-week MD was associated with changes in body composition, metabolic markers, and the serum lipidomic profile in overweight and obese BC survivors. These findings provide preliminary evidence that MD adherence may be associated with lipidomic and metabolic changes in BC survivors, warranting confirmation in larger, controlled studies. http://clinicaltrials.gov , NCT03581630.

PMID 42763329
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PubMedIranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR2026-09-20

ALDH1A3 Inhibition by Prosopis farcta Phytochemicals: A Computational Exploration of a Potential Antidiabetic Mechanism.

Torabi Nilufar N, Taheripak Gholamreza G, Najjar Nabaa N, Nooraniyan Esfehani Mohammad Amin MA et al.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition caused by insufficient insulin secretion or impaired insulin action. Traditionally, pancreatic β-cell loss has been attributed to hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis. However, more recent evidence indicates that β-cells can also undergo dedifferentiation, a process in which they lose their specialized identity and revert to a precursor-like state. ALDH1A3 has been reported as a marker associated with dedifferentiated β-cells in diabetes, making it a potential molecular target for studies of β-cell identity and their redifferentiation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential interactions between phytochemicals in Prosopis farcta root extract and ALDH1A3 using an in silico workflow that included molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) analysis. This in silico study evaluated phytochemicals reported in the root extract of Prosopis farcta. The three-dimensional structures of the phytochemicals were downloaded from the PubChem database in SDF format. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed using PyRx and GROMACS, respectively. MM-GBSA analysis was performed using gmx_MMPBSA. Docking analysis suggested that several Prosopis farcta phytochemicals could interact with functionally relevant regions of ALDH1A3, including the retinal- and NAD-binding regions. Among the evaluated compounds, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and luteolin 3'-glucoside exhibited favorable docking scores and stable interaction profiles in subsequent MD and MM-GBSA analyses. These findings suggest that these compounds may form energetically favorable interactions with ALDH1A3. Among the evaluated Prosopis farcta phytochemicals, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and luteolin 3'-glucoside emerged as the most promising computational candidates for further ALDH1A3-focused studies. These findings provide an initial basis for investigating whether interaction with ALDH1A3 may represent a potential mechanism contributing to the reported antidiabetic effects of Prosopis farcta extract and its possible relevance to β-cell dysfunction in diabetes. However, experimental validation is essential to confirm ALDH1A3 inhibition, its effects on β-cell redifferentiation, and antidiabetic potential.

PMID 42763645
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PubMedLipids in health and disease2026-09-20

C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index predicts postoperative delirium in older surgical patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Chang Dandan D, Geng Danyang D, Zhou Lulu L, Yang Huikai H et al.

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a prevalent and serious complication in older surgical patients. The C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) is a recently developed composite marker that integrates both Insulin resistance (IR) and systemic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between CTI and POD in older surgical patients. Older surgical patients were retrospectively enrolled. The CTI was calculated and analyzed as both a continuous variable and a binary variable dichotomized at the optimal cut-off derived from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between CTI and POD. Joint stratification by the TyG index and CRP was performed to delineate the synergistic contributions of IR and inflammation. A total of 10,125 patients were included in the final analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the optimal cut-off value for CTI to be 7.57. As a binary variable, high CTI conferred significantly elevated odds of POD compared with low CTI in fully adjusted model (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.28-2.00, P < 0.001). As a continuous variable, each unit increment in CTI was associated with a 35% increased risk of POD after full adjustment (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.56, P < 0.001). Joint stratification further confirmed that patients with concurrently high TyG and high CRP exhibited the highest POD incidence. CTI may be a useful adjunct for preoperative risk stratification of POD in older surgical patients, but requires prospective validation.

PMID 42763392
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PubMedInternational journal of endocrinology and metabolism2026-09-20

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Digital Tools for Diabetes Self-management in Children: A Scoping Review.

Nakhaee Moghadam Maryam M, Amini Sara S, Lotfi Mojtaba M, Nazari Rad Mehrnaz M et al.

Managing diabetes in children is challenging and requires continuous monitoring and structured self-care support. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven digital tools may enhance self-management and improve health outcomes. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the existing evidence on AI-driven digital tools for pediatric diabetes self-management, focusing on their functionalities, benefits, and limitations. From an initial pool of 97 articles published between January 2010 and March 1, 2025, 19 studies met the predefined inclusion criteria. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase using predefined keywords. Two independent reviewers performed screening and data extraction. Methodological quality was appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Checklist. Qualitative and quantitative findings were synthesized thematically. The 19 included studies addressed several overlapping application domains of AI-driven digital tools for pediatric diabetes self-management. Overall, 8 studies focused primarily on glucose prediction, glycemic monitoring, or pattern recognition; 4 studies evaluated insulin dosing optimization and clinical decision-support systems; 6 studies investigated personalized education, behavioral support, user engagement, or self-management learning interventions; 5 studies examined telemedicine, remote monitoring, or healthcare access; and 5 studies primarily addressed ethical, methodological, transparency, or implementation challenges. AI-based digital tools have considerable potential to support diabetes self-management in children. Future research should prioritize long-term evaluations, the inclusion of diverse populations, and rigorous assessments of clinical outcomes, data privacy, and algorithm performance.

PMID 42763696
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